{"id":3999,"date":"2026-11-13T06:20:38","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T06:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3999"},"modified":"2026-11-13T06:20:38","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T06:20:38","slug":"fb-primary-069-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-069-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscrito No. 069"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3999\" class=\"elementor elementor-3999\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36994a0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36994a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be7a8df e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"be7a8df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"199731423\" aria-label=\"Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314231\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314231\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314231\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314232\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314232\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314232\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314233\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314233\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314233\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314234\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314234\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314234\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314231\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314231\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-c5ad569 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c5ad569\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0efec0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0efec0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date: 1580, July 2. Seville, Spain<br \/>Theme: Mar\u00eda de Cota, freed Black woman from Santo Domingo, requests royal license to travel from Seville to La Espa\u00f1ola with her three-year old daughter<br \/>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, INDIFERENTE, 2060,N. 10.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb7c6e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cb7c6e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Manuscript-069.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Manuscript-069.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314232\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314232\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-dfc7bc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfc7bc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-837f070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"837f070\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Transcription-069.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Transcription-069.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314233\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314233\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1ffbb08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1ffbb08\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e72f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e72f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1580, July 2.\u00a0 Seville, Spain.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: Mar\u00eda de Cota, freed black woman from Santo Domingo, requests royal license to travel from Seville to\u00a0La Espa\u00f1ola<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, INDIFERENTE, 2060,N. 10.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>r<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Very powerful lord\u00a0\u00a0 \/<br \/><br \/>\/Balthazar de Alcozer, in the name of Mar\u00eda de Cota, \/<br \/>of black color and a free woman staying in Seville, says \/<br \/>that the above said one was born and is a native of the city of \/<br \/>Santo Domingo of the Espa\u00f1ola island of the Indies, \/<br \/>Province of Peru [<em>sic<\/em>], where she has property \/<br \/>and more comfort to be able to live in the said Province \/<br \/>than in Spain since she is a native of there.\u00a0<br \/><br \/>[She] implores and supplicates your highness to mandate that \/<br \/>a license be given to her to travel to the said city of Santo \/<br \/>Domingo, Province of Peru, with a daughter that \/<br \/>She has, to whom she gave birth and was born in the said Province of \/<br \/>Santo Domingo while she [Mar\u00eda] was there. Since for this she offers \/<br \/>to present an account before the judges and officials that your \/<br \/>highness has at the Casa de la Contrataci\u00f3n of Seville \/<br \/>on how she is a free woman and natives herself and her daughter of the\u00a0 \/<br \/>said Province and had come from it to these areas \/<br \/>in which you should receive favor \/<br \/>[<em>Rubric<\/em>] Baltasar de Alcocer [<em>Rubric<\/em>] \/\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +<br \/>Mar\u00eda de Cota of black color\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>r<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>r<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u00a0Passenger\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seville, July 2nd of 1580 \/<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +<br \/>In the very noble and very loyal city \/<br \/>of Seville, Saturday, two days of the \/<br \/>month of July of one thousand and five hundred eighty \/<br \/>years, before me Marco Antonio de \/<br \/>Alfaro, public notary of Seville, and witnesses signed below, appeared present \/<br \/>Mar\u00eda de Cota, of black color, and presented a\/<br \/>writing requesting an action from the \/<br \/><em>se\u00f1or licenciado<\/em> Juan de Aguilera, lieutenant \/<br \/>Assistant in this city of Seville and \/<br \/>its district by his majesty, whose content of the said writing \/<br \/>is this one that fallows __________________\u00a0 \/<br \/><br \/>Illustrious <em>se\u00f1or<\/em>, Mar\u00eda de Cota, of black color, free \/<br \/>woman, [ I ] say that I was born in the city of Santo \/<br \/>Domingo of the Espa\u00f1ola island of the Indies \/<br \/>and I came to this city with my mistress <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> Barbola \/<br \/>Solana, who let me free and freed, and thus \/<br \/>by virtue of a clause of her testament \/<br \/>I was freed and given freedom by <em>don<\/em> Alonso de Avellaneda \/<br \/>her husband, as it shows in these documents \/<br \/>which I am showing.\u00a0 And because I would want \/<br \/>to travel to the Indies and for this it benefits me \/<br \/>to give statement of the above said, and of how \/<br \/>I am free and non-married,\u00a0 I beg and implore to your worship \/<br \/>to mandate that statement is received of the above said \/<br \/>and that an inquiry is given to me of it in public fashion to \/<br \/>present it before his majesty and the s<em>e\u00f1ores<\/em> of his \/<br \/>council of the Indies, a for that, etcetera.\u00a0 And I beg \/<br \/>justice and also say that I have a young girl \/<br \/>my daughter of three years of age that was born in Santo \/<br \/>Domingo.\u00a0 To your worship I beg and implore to do \/<br \/>inquiry of how [she] is my daughter and was born \/<br \/>in the said city of Santo Domingo, and to give it to me \/<br \/>by testimony \/<br \/><br \/>The said writing having been presented and seen by the \/<br \/>said se\u00f1or lieutenangt, [he] said that he was mandating \/<br \/>and mandated that the said Mar\u00eda de Cota \/<br \/>presents the witnesses that she hopes to use, \/<br \/>since he is ready to receive them \/<br \/>and do justice. And [he] committed the receptions and \/<br \/>exam of the witnesses to me the said public notary. And for \/<br \/>that he gave me authority in due form.\u00a0 Witness, Gaspar \/<br \/>de los Reyes and Blas de Carvajal, escrivano of Seville \/<br \/>Marco Antonio de Alfaro, public notary of Seville. \/\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>t<em>estig<\/em><sup>o<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>r<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/><\/p>\n<p>And after the aforesaid, in this said day \/<br \/>appeared the said Mar\u00eda de Cota and [she] presented \/<br \/>Hernando Lopes, market broker of this said city of Seville and \/<br \/>Francisco Lopez Camargo, denizen of this said city, \/<br \/>and <em>don<\/em> Alonso de Avellaneda \/<br \/>as witnesses for the said purpose, from whom \/<br \/>and from each one of them an oath \/<br \/>was received in legal fashion. They promised \/<br \/>to say the truth in what they knew \/<br \/>and [what] they were asked about. And what the said witnesses \/<br \/>and each one of them said and deposed \/<br \/>is the following _________________ \/<br \/><br \/>The said German Lopez, market broker and denizen \/<br \/>of this city of Seville, witnessed presented \/<br \/>for the said purpose, having sworn in legal fashion \/<br \/>and being asked as per the content of the \/<br \/>request, said that he knows the said Mar\u00eda de Cota \/<br \/>since twenty years ago, little more or less \/<br \/>and that he knows that the said Mar\u00eda de Cota was born in\u00a0 \/<br \/>the city of Santo Domingo of the Espa\u00f1ola island \/<br \/>of the Indies because this witness saw her arriving \/<br \/>as a young girl from the said Indies at this city \/<br \/>and then he learned and understood from <em>do\u00f1a<br \/><\/em>Mar\u00eda de Arana, her mistress, who also arrived from \/<br \/>the said Indies, how the said Mar\u00eda \/<br \/>de Cota had been born in Santo Domingo \/<br \/>and that after do\u00f1a Barbola, daughter of the said \/<br \/>do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda, left her free and freed by her testament, \/<br \/>under which she died.\u00a0 And this \/<br \/>witness has seen the testament and letter of freedom \/<br \/>that in accordance to this was issued by don Alonso \/<br \/>de Avellaneda before Diego de la Barrera Farfan\/<br \/>public notary of Seville, to which he refers, and that he knows \/<br \/>that the said Mar\u00eda de Cota for the said reason \/<br \/>is free and freed and this witness considers and knows her \/<br \/>as single and not-married, and if it were otherwise \/<br \/>this witness would know it, and it could not be \/<br \/>otherwise because of the great knowledge \/<br \/>that he has of her.\u00a0 And he also knows that the \/<br \/>said Mar\u00eda de Cota has a girl daughter of \/<br \/>three years of age, that he has heard to be \/<br \/>true thing that she was born in Santo Domingo. And that this is \/<br \/>the truth and he signed it and that he is of more \/<br \/>than forty years of age.\u00a0 Hernando L\u00f3pez, Marco Antonio de Almagro\/<br \/>notary public of Seville \u00a0)____________________ \/\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>t<em>estig<\/em><sup>o<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><\/sup>t<em>estig<\/em><sup>o<\/sup> \/<\/p>\n\n<p>The said Francisco L\u00f3pez Camargo, denizen of this city of Seville \/<br \/>in the parish of Santa Mar\u00eda, having sworn in legal \/<br \/>fashion and having been asked for the content of \/<br \/>the said request, he said that he knows the said Mar\u00eda de Cota, \/<br \/>female black, since the said Mar\u00eda de Cota came from the \/<br \/>city of Santo Domingo of the Indies \/<br \/>which may have been twenty years ago more or less, and that \/<br \/>then he saw that the said Mar\u00eda de Cota came \/<br \/>with <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> Mar\u00eda e do\u00f1a Barbola her daughter from the\/<br \/>said city of Santo Domingo, and that back then \/<br \/>he saw the said Mar\u00eda de Cota [being] a very young girl and he\/<br \/>knew and heard and understood from the said <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> Mar\u00eda and <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> \/<br \/>Barbola that she had been born and was born in the said \/<br \/>City of santo Domingo, and that after \/<br \/>the above said [females] passed away, as per their last will \/<br \/>the said Mar\u00eda de Cota was left free and freed.\u00a0 \/<br \/>And <em>don <\/em>Alonso de Avellaneda, husband of the said <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> \/<br \/>Barbola bestowed her a letter of freedom \/<br \/>before Diego de la Barrera Farf\u00e1n \/<br \/>public notary of Seville to which he refers, \/<br \/>and that he deems and knows the said Mar\u00eda de Cota \/<br \/>as free and single and non-married.\u00a0 And that he knows \/<br \/>a girl daughter of hers of three years of age named\/<br \/>Madalena of whom he has heard was born \/<br \/>in Santo Domingo, and that this is the\u00a0 truth and \/<br \/>he signed it and [said] that he is of thirty years of age more \/<br \/>or less.\u00a0 Franciso L\u00f3pez, Marco Antonio \/<br \/>de Alfaro, public notary of Seville _________ \/<br \/><br \/>The said\u00a0<em>don<\/em> Alonso de Avellaneda, denizen of this city of Seville,<br \/>in the parish of San Andr\u00e9s, witness presented \/<br \/>for the said purpose, having sworn in legal fashion \/<br \/>and being asked about the content of the said \/<br \/>request, said that he knows the said Mar\u00eda de \/<br \/>Cota since more than twenty years ago, and that \/<br \/>he knows that the said Mar\u00eda de Cota was born in the \/<br \/>city of Santo Domingo of the Espa\u00f1ola island \/<br \/>of the Indies because at the time that <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> \/<br \/>Barbola de Arana, to whom the said Mar\u00eda de Cota belonged, \/ \u00a0<br \/>Came from the said city of Santo Domingo \/<br \/>to this city, [she] brought the said black female with her \/<br \/>and this witness saw her, and afterwards this witness \/<br \/>married the said <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> Barbola de Arana and learned and \/<br \/>understood from her how the said black female \/<br \/>had been born in the said city of Santo Domingo \/<br \/>and that later the said <em>do\u00f1a<\/em> Barbola died \/<br \/>and in her testament, under which she died \/<br \/>she left free and freed the said Mar\u00eda \/<br \/>and this witness made and bestowed to her a letter of freedom \/<br \/>before Diego de la Barrera Farf\u00e1n \/<br \/>and that he knows as well Madalena\/<br \/>daughter of the said Mar\u00eda, of\u00a0 three years \/<br \/>of age who was born in Santo Domingo \/<br \/>as well, and that this is the truth. And he signed it \/<br \/>and [said] that he is of forty years of age more \/<br \/>or less.\u00a0<em>Don<\/em> Alonso de Avellaneda. Marco Antonio \/<br \/>de Alfaro, notary public of Seville.<\/p>\n\n<p><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>r<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<br \/>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>And having the inquiry been done in the said manner that \/<br \/>is said, the said <em>se\u00f1or<\/em> lieutenant said that \/<br \/>he was interposing and did interpose his authority \/<br \/>and judicial decree\u00a0 and that he was mandating \/<br \/>and mandated it to be valid and firm \/<br \/>wherever it was to appear, and he mandated it\/<br \/>to be issued as testimony to the said Mar\u00eda \/<br \/>de Cota, and following her request I, the said notary \/<br \/>public, issued the present testimony as \/<br \/>it happened before me.\u00a0 Which is done in the said city \/<br \/>of Seville on the said day, month and year afore \/<br \/>said, Gaspar de los Reyes and Blas de Carvajal, \/<br \/>notary of Seville, being witnesses.<br \/><br \/>I, Marco Antonio de Alfaro, public notary of Seville, had it written and did here my sign. [<em>Rubric<\/em>] \/<br \/><br \/>[ \u00bf\u00a0 ]\u00a0 \/<br \/><br \/>[<em>Upside down on the bottom margin of the folio<\/em>:]\u00a0<br \/><br \/>Inquiry [on] how Mar\u00eda de \/<br \/>Cota and her daughter, blacks, are \/<br \/>free and were born in the Indies \/\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +<br \/><br \/>Be aware all who may see this letter \/<br \/>how I, Mar\u00eda de Cota, of black<br \/>color, free woman denizen of this \/<br \/>city of Seville in the San Joan parish \/<br \/>of the Espa\u00f1ola island of the Indies, I bestow and \/<br \/>acknowledge that I give my full power as much \/<br \/>as by law it is required, to Baltasar de Alcocer \/<br \/>denizen of this city of Seville, and especially so that \/<br \/>in my name and as I myself [<em>sic<\/em>]\u00a0 may \/<br \/>appear and do appear before his majesty and the <em>se\u00f1ores<\/em>\u00a0 \/<br \/>of his royal council of the Indies to ask \/<br \/>and supplicate that a license is given to me to go \/<br \/>to the provinces of Peru of the Tierra \/<br \/>Firme of the Indies, and to present about this \/<br \/>whatever petitions, testimonies and \/<br \/>inquiries, and to obtain whatever royal decrees and \/<br \/>letters and licenses, and to do all the proceedings \/<br \/>that may be convenient, and for all of it I give my said full power\/<br \/>with authority so that [he?] may be substituted \/<br \/>with whoever he may want to, and to nullify the\/<br \/>substitutes and appoint others when he\/<br \/>may deem so, and to replace their substitutes \/<br \/>in legal fashion.\u00a0 And for the firmness of \/<br \/>this I oblige my person and assets, owned and \/<br \/>to be owned. The letter done in Seville on fifteen days of the month \/<br \/>of January. And because the said issuer, to whom I,\u00a0the notary, I swear I know, said that she did not know\/<br \/>how to write, at her request it was signed by the witnesses \/<br \/>of this letter, Pero Iba\u00f1ez, Francisco Dominguez, \/<br \/>notaries of Seville [<em>Rubric<\/em>]<br \/><br \/>I Marco Antonio de Alfaro, public notary of Seville, had it written and I did\u00a0 here \/<br \/>my sign [<em>Notary\u2019s rubric<\/em>] as witness [<em>Rubric<\/em>]<br \/><br \/>[?]<\/p>\n<p>\/ 41\u00a0\u00a0 \/<br \/>Hernando<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +<br \/><br \/>Maria de Cota\/ free \/<br \/>and of black color \u00a0\/<br \/><br \/>Implores to be given license to \/<br \/>return to Peru from where \/<br \/>[she] is native, and being evident \/<br \/>to the officials of Seville \/<br \/>the afore said being so \/<br \/><br \/><em>se\u00f1or<\/em> Alonso [\u00a0 ]\u00a0 [\u00a0\u00a0 ]der \/<br \/>of report \/<br \/>[\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ] done \/<br \/>He presents it \/<br \/><br \/>to <em>se\u00f1or <\/em>licenciado [Espadero?] \/<br \/><br \/>[<em>Rubric<\/em>]<br \/><br \/>license to return to the island \/<br \/>of Santo Domingo and to be able \/<br \/>to take her daughter [with her ] [<em>Rubric<\/em>] \/<br \/><br \/>See in Seville on XXIIII of February \/<br \/>of\u00a0 [IUDLXXX?]\u00a0 [<em>Rubric<\/em>] \/<br \/>Done [<em>Rubric<\/em>] \/<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1997314234\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1997314234\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bbaf44c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bbaf44c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1203877 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1203877\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1580, July 2.\u00a0 Seville, Spain.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: Some time after been freed by her former owners, Mar\u00eda de Cota, an until then enslaved black\u00a0woman from Santo Domingo residing in Seville, requested a royal license to travel from Seville to\u00a0La Espa\u00f1ola with her three-year old daughter<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, INDIFERENTE, 2060,N. 10.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The historical records show a number of cases of enslaved and freed blacks of sixteenth-century La Espa\u00f1ola that engaged in actions that clearly indicate an exercise of an assertive, proactive selection of choices and preferences both within the narrow and oppressive options offered by life in enslavement as well as those relatively more flexible offered by life after manumission.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In the early summer of 1580 in Seville, a <em>procurador <\/em>\u00a0or lawyer named Baltazar de Alcocer went before local authorities to request a license for a client, Mar\u00eda de Cota, \u201cof black color, and a free woman\u201d and her three year old daughter Magdalena to travel to the Indies.\u00a0 Mar\u00eda was a native of the city of Santo Domingo of\u00a0 La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0 According to Alcocer\u2019s statement, in Santo Domingo Mar\u00eda \u201chas property and more comfort for living in the said province than in Spain, since she is not a native of it [of Spain].\u201d\u00a0 In the application documents Mar\u00eda reiterated that she and her daughter were both natives of La Espa\u00f1ola and had \u201ccome from it to these lands\u201d (meaning, to Spain).\u00a0 Mar\u00eda had also requested a license to the Americas in 1575 (see Manuscript 038).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>On Saturday, July 2<sup>nd<\/sup> of 1580, Mar\u00eda went before the authorities and presented a written statement in which she declared that she had arrived in Seville from her native Santo Domingo accompanying her mistress Do\u00f1a B\u00e1rbara Solana. Subsequently she had been freed by Barbara and had her freedom reconfirmed by B\u00e1rbara\u2019s widower Don Alonso de Abellaneda. She also declared she was not married.\u00a0 Her daughter was three years of age at the time.<br \/><br \/>That same day Mar\u00eda presented as witness a Hernando Lopez, trade broker and a Francisco Lopez Camargo, as well as Don Alonso de Avellaneda himself, all denizens of Seville. L\u00f3pez indicated he knew Mar\u00eda since about twenty years before and had seen her arrive from \u201cthe said Indies\u201d as a girl, and that he learned\u00a0 Mar\u00eda was from Santo Domingo directly from her first mistress Do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda de Arana. \u00a0He went on to declare that Do\u00f1a Maria\u2019s daughter, Do\u00f1a B\u00e1rbara, in her testament, left Mar\u00eda free, and her freedom was subsequently confirmed by don Alonso de Avellaneda.\u00a0 He had heard that Maria\u2019s daughter, of three years of age, was born in Santo Domingo.<br \/><br \/>Francisco L\u00f3pez Camargo stated he knew Mar\u00eda also from twenty years before, when she arrived from the Indies a young girl (\u201cmuy ni\u00f1a\u201d)\u00a0 with Do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda and her daughter Do\u00f1a B\u00e1bara. \u00a0For the rest, he reiterated the same as L\u00f3pez.\u00a0 He added that Maria\u2019s daughter\u2019s name was Magdalena, and that she was known to have been born in Santo Domingo. Finally, Alonso de Avellaneda declared that he knew Mar\u00eda de Cota from the time she arrived in Seville with Do\u00f1a B\u00e1rbara de Arana, with whom Avellaneda married afterwards.<br \/><br \/>From the documents we also learn that, at the time she was hiring a <em>procurador<\/em> to request a license to travel to the Indies, Mar\u00eda did not know how to write.\u00a0 The authorities of Seville seem to have issued the license for Mar\u00eda and her daughter to travel to Santo Domingo on February 24th, 1581.\u00a0 As in the case of another source about Mar\u00eda\u2019s efforts to return to Santo Domingo (see Manuscript 065), this document seems to show a longing or a preference for residing at the social-cultural environment where she lived the earliest years of her life, even when she must have grown up and been socialized in Seville.<br \/><br \/>On the other hand, though no additional details are offered on the matter in this manuscript, the fact that Mar\u00eda\u2019s daughter Magdalena is said to have been born in Santo Domingo three years before, seems an indication that Mar\u00eda herself must have traveled to La Espa\u00f1ola at least slightly before that amount of time was over, and that she subsequently traveled back to Spain with the girl before deciding in the summer of 1580 to cross the Atlantic again to return to Santo Domingo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Date: 1580, July 2. Seville, Spain Theme: Mar\u00eda de Cota, freed Black woman from Santo Domingo, requests royal license to travel from Seville to La Espa\u00f1ola with her three-year old daughter Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, INDIFERENTE, 2060,N. 10.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4001,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3999","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscrito No. 069 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-069-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscrito No. 069 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Date: 1580, July 2. 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