{"id":3490,"date":"2025-10-27T03:36:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T03:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3490"},"modified":"2025-10-27T03:38:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T03:38:28","slug":"fb-primary-051-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 051"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3490\" class=\"elementor elementor-3490\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa5d7f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5aa5d7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33ff69d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"33ff69d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"54523549\" aria-label=\"Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-545235491\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-545235491\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-545235492\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-545235492\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-545235493\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-545235493\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-545235491\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-545235491\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-72901b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"72901b7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b7345c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9b7345c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription-051.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription-051.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-545235492\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-545235492\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70d2893 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70d2893\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ad2f8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ad2f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Date:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">1557, January 24.\u00a0 Santo Domingo City.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Theme:\u00a0 A\u00a0 female Black slave testified as witness against a Spanish or <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">criollo<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> settler accused of rape against a <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mestizo<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0young girl in Santo Domingo City\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559731&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source: Archivo General de Indias, Justicia 103B, F. 3874R. \u2013 3875R.,CUNY DSI Dominican Colonial Documents Collection<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><table data-tablestyle=\"MsoNormalTable\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"3\"><tbody><tr aria-rowindex=\"1\"><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0[fo. 3874r.]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the very noble and very loyal city of \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Santo Domingo of the port of \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the Espa\u00f1ola island of the Indies \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of the Ocean Sea, Sunday,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">twenty four days of the month \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of January, year of the birth \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">or our savior Jesus Christ of one thousand and five hundred \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and fifty seven, before the very \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">noble se\u00f1or Bernaldino de Fuentes, and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the presence of myself,\u00a0 Hernando de Brenes \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">notary public, appeared present \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Francisca de Pe\u00f1a, widow, wife of Crist\u00f3bal \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">S\u00e1nchez, deceased, as the person \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that is in charge of and has power over \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Leonorica, daughter of\u00a0 Garc\u00eda, mestizo, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">who said to be of\u00a0 six years of age and said that \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">while she was away from her house today during \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">siesta<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, [she] left in her house the said girl \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and Pedro Gutierrez, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">frenero<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, entered \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the said house of hers and gave the said girl two \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cuartos<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and took her up to the <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">c\u00e1mara<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of his \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">house and took the said girl and forcefully \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">slept with her and corrupted her and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">made her bleed a lot from her vagina \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and [she] showed blood of the girl\u2019s vagina, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">complained about him formally, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and petitioned the said <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">se\u00f1or alcalde<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the best way available under the law \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to punish and condemn him with the \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">greatest punishment he could find by \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">law, and formally swore the complaint. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Rubric<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And later, for the inquiry of it \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he received swearing by word \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">formally under law from Antonio de [Grado?], \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr aria-rowindex=\"2\"><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[fo. 3874v.]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">alguazil mayor<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, who said that he has seen\/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">shortly ago, in presence of the said <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">se\u00f1or alcalde<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, \/\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the said [girl],who had all her shirt full of blood, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and the said girl said that Pedro Gutierrez, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">frenero<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, had lain down with her \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and had made her bleed, and that this \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">he has seen and that it is true and he signed it \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with his name. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Also later an oath was received \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the form of law from Bartolom\u00e9 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Garc\u00eda, taylor, who said that this \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">witness has seen today shortly ago \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">now by night a girl that Pe\u00f1a\u2019s [widow] \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">has, which must be six years of \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">age who has the shirt full with \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">blood, and the said girl said \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that Pedro Gutierrez had lain down \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with her and had made her bleed \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from her vagina, and that this he knows and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">is the truth, and he signed it with his name \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bartolom\u00e9 Garc\u00eda. \/\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And for the inquiry of the above \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">said, the said <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">se\u00f1or alcalde<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> received \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oath in legal form \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from Marica, female black of the illustrious se\u00f1or \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">licenciado<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Maldonado, president \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by his majesty, who is \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in the house of the said Pedro Guti\u00e9rrez, and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">having sworn, said that today the said \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">day, after finishing eating [lunch] , \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">being this witness at the door \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of Pe\u00f1a\u2019s house with a boy of \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">an Indian woman of the said wife of Pe\u00f1a \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and the said Pe\u00f1a\u2019s wife not being at her house, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr aria-rowindex=\"3\"><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[fo. 3875r.]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and that, while this witness was at the door, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">she saw an Indian woman walking down \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that is in the house of the said Francisca \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">de Pe\u00f1a who was bringing by \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the hand the said Leonorica and told \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to this witness: Monica, what do you think? \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What a wickedness has Pedro Guti\u00e9rrez, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">your master, done! And she lifted her blouse, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and this witness saw how the \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">said Leonorica had it full of blood. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And when this was \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">happening Pedro Gutierrez \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">was at the door of the said Francisca \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and the said Pedro Guti\u00e9rrez told \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the said Indian Catalina: \u201cDo not say \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">anything to your [<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">se\u00f1ora<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: mistress?] and I will \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">give you two <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reales<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u201d and the said Indian said: \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why do I have to shut my mouth, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">since I do not want your two <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reales<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u201d and\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that this witness does not know why \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the said Pedro Guti\u00e9rrez said this \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to the said female Indian [woman]. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Asked whether this [female] witness \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">saw that the said Pedro Gutierrez\/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">called the said Leonorica to \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">take her up to the attic of the house, she said \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that she did not see it, and that this she knows \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and is the truth, and she did not sign. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And for the inquiry of the\u00a0 above \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">said, the said <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">se\u00f1or alcalde<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> received \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oath in legal form \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">from Catalina, female Indian who is \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-545235493\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-545235493\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4cdfbf3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4cdfbf3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a10fb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a10fb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"left\"><strong>Date: 1557, January 24.\u00a0 Santo Domingo City.<\/strong><\/p><p align=\"left\"><strong>Theme: A female Black slave testified as witness against a Spanish or\u00a0<em>criollo<\/em>\u00a0settler accused of rape against\u00a0a\u00a0<em>Mestizo<\/em>\u00a0young girl in Santo Domingo City<\/strong><\/p><p align=\"left\"><strong>Source: Archivo General de Indias, Justicia 103B, 3874R. \u2013 3875R., CUNY Dominican Studies Institute Dominican Colonial Documents\u00a0Collection<\/strong><\/p><p align=\"left\">Within the overall social order of mid sixteenth- century La Espa\u00f1ola, based on colonialism and slavery (or colonial slavery), official moral and legal codes seem to have intersected with the social, legal, and racial status of persons in complex ways, and that led to some instances in which people of different social or racial status would be given similar standing when it came to the testimonies of plaintiffs and defendants and their respective witnesses.\u00a0<\/p><p align=\"left\">Or so seem to indicate the documents of a judicial criminal inquiry conducted in Santo Domingo City in 1557 against a man named Pedro Guti\u00e9rrez who was accused of a brutal rape against a six-years old girl named\u00a0<em>Leonorica<\/em>\u00a0(or little\u00a0<em>Leonor<\/em>). The incident occurred in the city in the early afternoon while the stepmother or female adult in charge of the girl\u2019s custody left their house, a moment that the perpetrator, a male neighbor residing next door, reportedly took advantage of to take the girl to his house and abuse her. The damage to the girl was so evident that the crime was reported to the authorities by the girl\u2019s custodian that same afternoon, and by the end of the day judicial officials were already taking depositions from witnesses.<\/p><p align=\"left\">One of the witnesses interviewed by the authorities that afternoon was Marica (or little\u00a0<em>Maria<\/em>), a Black female slave of the judge president of the\u00a0<em>audiencia<\/em>\u00a0of Santo Domingo who was apparently, for some reason unknown to us, serving at the house of Gutierrez, the defendant. Marica testified about having been shown the young girl that afternoon with blood on her garment by an Indian woman named Catalina, who served at the girl\u2019s house, and told by the same Indian that Gutierrez had abused the girl. Marica also testified that she had heard Gutierrez promising to give Catalina a payment of two\u00a0<em>reales<\/em>\u00a0in exchange for silence about what had happened. Catalina adamantly and defiantly rejected the offer.<\/p><p align=\"left\">The incident shows that there were some occasional limits, within the colonial moral order, to what a Spanish settler or La Espa\u00f1ola creole man could do to Black or Indian women of enslaved or servant status to exert pressures on them, for example, to hide what they knew about an incident like the one described, especially women over whom he did not have legal property rights within the slavery system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transcription Translation Commentary This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. Date: 1557, January 24.\u00a0 Santo Domingo City.\u00a0 Theme:\u00a0 A\u00a0 female Black slave testified as witness against a Spanish or criollo settler accused of rape against a Mestizo\u00a0 \u00a0young girl in Santo Domingo City\u00a0\u00a0 Source: Archivo General de [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3490","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 051 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 051 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Transcription Translation Commentary This browser does not support PDFs. 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Date: 1557, January 24.\u00a0 Santo Domingo City.\u00a0 Theme:\u00a0 A\u00a0 female Black slave testified as witness against a Spanish or criollo settler accused of rape against a Mestizo\u00a0 \u00a0young girl in Santo Domingo City\u00a0\u00a0 Source: Archivo General de [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-27T03:38:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"12 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\",\"name\":\"Manuscript No. 051 - First Blacks in The Americas\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-27T03:36:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-27T03:38:28+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Manuscripts\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/manuscripts\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Manuscript No. 051\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/\",\"name\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg\",\"width\":240,\"height\":52,\"caption\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Manuscript No. 051 - First Blacks in The Americas","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Manuscript No. 051 - First Blacks in The Americas","og_description":"Transcription Translation Commentary This browser does not support PDFs. 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