{"id":3350,"date":"2025-10-12T06:10:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-12T06:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3350"},"modified":"2025-10-12T06:11:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T06:11:56","slug":"fb-primary-036-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-036-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 036"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3350\" class=\"elementor elementor-3350\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8c67fa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d8c67fa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ebbb7d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"0ebbb7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"15448957\" aria-label=\"Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-154489571\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-154489571\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-154489572\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-154489572\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-154489573\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-154489573\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-154489574\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-154489574\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-154489575\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-154489575\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-154489571\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-154489571\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-17f20b8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17f20b8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1215901 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1215901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"Normal__Char\">Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1553, December 5.\u00a0 Seville, Spain<br \/><\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">Theme: A young man of Black complexion from Santo Domingo studying in Seville, decides to return\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">to Santo<\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">\u00a0Domingo<br \/><\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">Source:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, Contrataci\u00f3n, 5217B,N.9,<\/a><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"Normal__Char\">R<\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">.15<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8ae7bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f8ae7bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-036.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-036.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-154489572\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-154489572\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d123b07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d123b07\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41a4fad elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"41a4fad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription-036_jGbUkGi.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription-036_jGbUkGi.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-154489573\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-154489573\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d59abd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d59abd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37a1ec1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37a1ec1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Miguel de Torquemada<br \/>Swore on the fifth of December 1603<br \/>[<em>On the left margin:<\/em>\u00a0Witness] Andres Gomez Adalid merchant and resident of Seville at the parish Of San Roman witness received, swore in accordance to law and being asked what he knows of Miguel de Torquemada who introduces him as witness, who is young, short, face of wheat-like complexion, with Black eyes and beard just coming out and [crossed out: n] has a small scar from a wound [<em>crossed out:<\/em>\u00a0to the] on the right side of the forehead and must be of eighteen years of age, [<em>witness<\/em>] who is aware that he [<em>Torquemada<\/em>] is the legitimate son of Alonso Ceron and Mrs. Ana Ceron his wife, residents of the city of Santo Domingo, and that the aforesaid is from the said city and was born there and is of very good progeny and that this is the truth and that the aforesaid arrived on the admiral\u2019s [vessel] and now he returns to his mother who is seen in the said city Of Santo Domingo and with her and that this is truth as per the oath he took and he signed it [rubric] Andres Gomez [rubric]<\/p><p>Took oath today<br \/>[<em>On the left margin:<\/em>\u00a0witness] Luis Mateos resident of Santo Domingo, witness received, took oath in accordance to law and, being asked, he said that he knows Miguel de Torquemada, who presents him as witness, whom he knows to be a native of the city of Santo Domingo because he was born there and he grew up with this witness at the house of Alonso Ceron his father and of\u00a0<em>do\u00f1a<\/em>\u00a0Ana Ceron his mother, denizens of the said city, and that he knows that the aforesaid came to Spain [<em>crossed out:<\/em>\u00a0here] on the admiral\u2019s vessel and now wants to return with his mother to the said city and that this is the truth as per the oath he took and he signed it [rubric:] Luis Mateo[ ] [<em>sheet folded<\/em>]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-154489574\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-154489574\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67933a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67933a5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-803071a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"803071a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"Normal__Char\"><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1553, December 5.\u00a0 Seville, Spain.<br \/>Theme: A young man of Black complexion from Santo Domingo studying in Seville, decides to return\u00a0to Santo\u00a0Domingo<br \/>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, Contrataci\u00f3n, 5217B,N.9,R.15<br \/><\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">On December 5th, 1553, in Seville, the administrative\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">and commercial capital of the Spanish Empire, merchant and city resident Andr\u00e9s G\u00f3mez Adalid provided an oral affidavit stating what he knew about a Miguel de Torquemada, who is defined by the authority issuing this document as a young man of short stature and with a face of dark complexion (\u201ccaritrigue\u00f1o\u201d) and an early beard.\u00a0 G\u00f3mez himself described Torquemada as being age 18 and a native of Santo Domingo City, adding that he knew Torquemada\u2019s\u00a0 parents, who were denizens of the same city, and that now Torquemada wanted to return to Santo Domingo to join his mother \u201cwho is seen by people in the said city.\u201d<br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">If our interpretation of the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">semantics of the word\u00a0caritrigue\u00f1o\u00a0is correct, this statement is evidence that there were not only some free mulatto or dark skinned people born in Santo Domingo by the mid sixteenth-century, but also that some of them were of an economic status solid enough to have a son travel back and forth from the colony of Santo Domingo to the city of Seville, a sort of New York City-like global city of the times. This traveling between the two Atlantic shores of the empire, even when limited, seems to have been more frequent than what the prevailing scholarship would lead us to believe, at least for the case of a colony like Santo Domingo that is often thought of as having suffered an increased isolation as decades went by during the second half of the sixteenth century.<br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Assuming the weather in Spain, and more particularly in<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0the southern region where Seville is located,\u00a0 in the mid-sixteenth century was not very different than nowadays, December 5th\u00a0would normally be a time in the year where a cool weather would usually prevail, and it is reasonable to imagine that Torquemada, as a person having grown up in the year-long warm weather of a Caribbean city like Santo Domingo, must have been wearing a kind of garment that would cover both his upper and lower body, possibly leaving only the face uncovered.\u00a0 It is understandable that the official trying to describe Torquemada physically would refer to his facial complexion, in this case describing it as \u201cwheat-like,\u201d and meaning in all likelihood \u201cbrown.\u201d<br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Interestingly, one of Torquemada\u2019s witnesses when requesting the license to travel back to his hometown was a Luis Mateos that stated being also from the city of Santo Domingo and having grown up \u201ctogether\u201d with Torquemada there. As other witnesses, he concurred that Torquemada was the son of Alonso and Ana Cer\u00f3n, denizens of Santo Domingo.\u00a0 So this means that there were at least two young men from Santo Domingo living in Seville at the time, possibly both for study purposes.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-154489575\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-154489575\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-150923e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"150923e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b15f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"57b15f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-036.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-036.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1553, December 5.\u00a0 Seville, SpainTheme: A young man of Black complexion from Santo Domingo studying in Seville, decides to return\u00a0to Santo\u00a0DomingoSource:\u00a0PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, Contrataci\u00f3n, 5217B,N.9,R.15 This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. This browser [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3350","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 036 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-036-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 036 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1553, December 5.\u00a0 Seville, SpainTheme: A young man of Black complexion from Santo Domingo studying in Seville, decides to return\u00a0to Santo\u00a0DomingoSource:\u00a0PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, Contrataci\u00f3n, 5217B,N.9,R.15 This browser does not support PDFs. 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