{"id":3278,"date":"2025-10-04T19:19:36","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T19:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3278"},"modified":"2025-10-04T19:32:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T19:32:01","slug":"fb-primary-028-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-028-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 028"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3278\" class=\"elementor elementor-3278\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb8c7cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fb8c7cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f7548e e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"5f7548e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"100095118\" aria-label=\"Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951181\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951181\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951182\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951182\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951183\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951183\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951184\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951184\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951185\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951185\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951181\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951181\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-c40504c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c40504c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e22f70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e22f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Date:\u00a01545, April 24<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">.\u00a0 Valladolid, Spain<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">T<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">heme: The king orders that both enslaved Berbers and free descendants or Moors with\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">trades that\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">already resided in La Espa\u00f1ola be allowed to stay in the colony, provided that an inventory is<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">made of all of them, while no new people of this type should be permitted in the future.\u00a0<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Source:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868,\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">L.2-2<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">38,Recto, 241,Recto, 241,Verso,243 Recto \u2013 Imagen N\u00fam:475\/766, 481\/766, 482\/766, 85\/766<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be563e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"2be563e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fb-primary-028-manuscript.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fb-primary-028-manuscript.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951182\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951182\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16de9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c16de9e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f33872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7f33872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription_028_GN8nQHD.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription_028_GN8nQHD.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951183\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951183\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b532621 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b532621\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ff363e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ff363e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0 1545, April 24.\u00a0 Valladolid, Spain.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: The king orders that both non-Christian slaves as well as non-Christian free individuals with trades\u00a0already residing in La Espa\u00f1ola be allowed to stay in the colony, provided that an inventory is made of all\u00a0of them, while no new people of this type should be permitted in the future.\u00a0<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868,\u00a0L.2-238 Recto, 241 Recto, 241 Verso, 243 Recto \u2013 Imagen N\u00fam:475\/766, 481\/766, 482\/766, 485\/766\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"193\"><p>[fo. 234r.]<\/p><p>[\u00a0\u00a0 ] to the President and \/<br \/><em>oidores<\/em>\u00a0\/<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"18\"><p>r<br \/>r<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"475\"><p>President and\u00a0<em>oidores<\/em>\u00a0of the royal audiencia and chancilleria \/<br \/>of the Espa\u00f1ola island, I saw your letter of xxiii of \/<br \/>April of the past year of 1544 and I have been pleased in \/<br \/>knowing of the arrival of yours, licenciados Cerrato and Grajeda \/<br \/>in that island because with such I hope our \/<br \/>Lord will be served and the things of that\u00a0<em>audiencia<\/em>\u00a0put \/<br \/>in total good order \/<br \/>[\u2026]\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"193\"><p>[fo. 237r.]<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0xv<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"18\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"475\"><p>[\u2026]<br \/>I saw what you say that you also had \/<br \/>the decree publicized which we mandated \/<br \/>to be sent out so that the Berber slaves \/<br \/>and free persons that descend from newly \/<br \/>converted Moors be sent to these \/<br \/>kingdoms and [that ] you mandated that all persons \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"193\"><p>[fo. 237v.]<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"18\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"475\"><p>to whom this referred would come over to manifest themselves \/<br \/>and\u00a0 you have found up to one hundred male slaves \/<br \/>and female slaves, without [counting] those that are in the inner lands \/<br \/>and that also from this business the city \/<br \/>has suffered, saying that clearly \/<br \/>from the said decree it seemed that what \/<br \/>was contained in it was targetted to the provinces \/<br \/>of Peru and New Spain in favor of their \/<br \/>natives, and that in that island \/<br \/>the inconvenience of the decree stopped \/<br \/>since there were not a bit more than\u00a0 one hundred \/<br \/>native Indians and that until now \/<br \/>it had not been evidenced that from their state\u00a0 had \/<br \/>stemmed any damage, and that those [damages? slaves?] that thus \/<br \/>existed had been carried with explicit licenses\/<br \/>from his majesty and that they are married \/<br \/>and with children and that those who are free persons \/<br \/>whom this affects are masonry officials \/<br \/>and carpenters and other\u00a0 trades \/<br \/>and very convenient for the peopling of the \/<br \/>land, so that one thing and the other would be \/<br \/>great damage, and he also supplicated the city \/<br \/>about all of it, though despite the supplication \/<br \/>you mandated for it to be executed, \/<br \/>and you supplicate that we order to decide in it \/<br \/>whatever is convenient.\u00a0 Those you found in that island \/<br \/>at the time you arrived in it \/<br \/>you must have them listed putting the names \/<br \/>of them and their owners and making sure \/<br \/>they will not be taken out of that island\u00a0 to nowhere \/<br \/>and they will show an account for them when \/<br \/>they are asked for it, you will allow and consent them \/<br \/>to have them.\u00a0 And the free one you say there are, since they are \/<br \/>married and have trades convenient for the peopling\u00a0 \/<br \/>you must let them reside in the island.\u00a0 But if from here \/<br \/>on any would by a chance go surreptitiously \/<br \/>you will manage so that in the said ones the content \/<br \/>of the said decree is complied with \/<br \/>[\u2026]\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"193\"><p>[fo. 239r.]<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"18\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"475\"><p>[\u2026] In Valladolid, xxiii of\/<br \/>April of MDXLV years\u00a0 \/ I the Prince\u00a0 \/<br \/>Certified by Samano, signed by the cardinal of Seville \/<br \/>and doctor Bernal and\u00a0<em>licenciado<\/em>\u00a0Velazquez \/<br \/>and Gregorio L\u00f3pez\u00a0 \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951184\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951184\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bec43c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bec43c6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6bc0e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6bc0e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Date:\u00a01545, April 24<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">.\u00a0 Valladolid, Spain.<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">T<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">heme: The king orders that both existing non-Christian slaves as well as free non-Christian individuals with\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">trades\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">and already residing in La Espa\u00f1ola be allowed to stay in the colony, provided that an inventory is<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">made of all of them, while no new people of this type should be permitted in the future.\u00a0<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">L.2-2<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\"><strong>38,Recto, 241,Recto, 241,Verso,243 Recto \u2013 Imagen N\u00fam:475\/766, 481\/766, 482\/766, 85\/766<\/strong><br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">In a letter from the Spanish king (Charles V) in 1545 to two recently appointed judges-members of the\u00a0Audiencia\u00a0of Santo Domingo,\u00a0oidores\u00a0Cerrato and Grajeda, the king acknowledged having instructed them to publicize, as soon as they were to arrive in La Espa\u00f1ola, the royal order issued earlier by the Crown \u201cso that Berber slaves and free persons descendants of newly converted Moors were sent to these kingdoms\u201d (meaning the kingdom of Castille).\u00a0 The two judges had reported that they had issued a public call for all people of La Espa\u00f1ola fitting that profile to present themselves before the judges and in the process the judges \u201chave found up to one hundred male and female slaves, aside from those existing further inside [the island].\u201d<br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">As per the same letter by the king,\u00a0oidores\u00a0Cerrato and Grajeda had also reported to him that the Council of the City of Santo Domingo (\u201cla ciudad\u201d) had expressed that the Crown\u2019s order was more appropriate for other regions of the empire rather than La Espa\u00f1ola because in the said colony \u201cthere was little more than one hundred native Indians\u201d only, and that \u201cuntil now it has not been seen that any damage has resulted from its status.\u201d\u00a0 The city council reportedly had also expressed that \u201cthose who were in that condition had arrived with explicit licenses of His Majesty and that they are married and with children and that those who are free persons affected by this are senior masons and carpenters and other trades and very beneficial for the peopling of the land, so that one thing and the other would be great damage.\u201d\u00a0<br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">It seems obvious, then, from these comments in reaction to the royal order to expel the non-Christian population from La Espa\u00f1ola, that those in control of the city council did not have any major worries about the presence of individuals of Arab-Muslim origin in their local society, and that they understood they were socially integrated through their living in families and did an important contribution to the colony\u2019s economy.\u00a0 In the face of this, the royal idea of removing them from La Espa\u00f1ola probably sounded like a senseless one. It could also be inferred that they probably felt concerned about the initiative to count the existing slaves proposed by Cerrato and Grajeda, for what it implied as interference upon, and potential control over, the access to such a basic economic resource of the most privileged sectors, which in part was replenished through its introduction via smuggling.<br \/><br \/><\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">In any event, t<\/span><span class=\"Normal__Char\">he king ordered the judges to allow the permanence in the colony of the slaves found there at the time the judges arrived, but also to make an inventory with the name of each slave and that of their respective owner so that they would be accountable for their slaves at any time, and making sure that no slave was taken out of the island to another place. As to \u201cthe free ones that you say there are, since they are married and have trades that are convenient for the population, you should let them reside in that island,\u201d\u00a0 understanding that the ones that arrive secretly from then on will be subject to the prohibition and the prescribed penalties.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1000951185\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1000951185\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71115ad e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71115ad\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feb1b45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"feb1b45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-028.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-028.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a01545, April 24.\u00a0 Valladolid, SpainTheme: The king orders that both enslaved Berbers and free descendants or Moors with\u00a0trades that\u00a0already resided in La Espa\u00f1ola be allowed to stay in the colony, provided that an inventory is\u00a0made of all of them, while no new people of this type should be [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3278","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 028 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-028-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 028 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; 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