{"id":3265,"date":"2025-10-04T19:04:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T19:04:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3265"},"modified":"2025-10-04T19:06:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T19:06:40","slug":"fb-primary-027-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-027-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 027"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3265\" class=\"elementor elementor-3265\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2bf77b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b2bf77b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d51764d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"d51764d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"223442509\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425091\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425091\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425092\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425092\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425093\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425093\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425094\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425094\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425095\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425095\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425091\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425091\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-a4c8978 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4c8978\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f05bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97f05bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1536, November 20. Valladolid, Spain<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: The Spanish Crown authorized the two Black slave servants of Santo Domingo\u2019s fortress\u00a0commander Gonzalo Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo to carry offensive and defensive weapons while\u00a0walking next to him and not otherwise<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868, L.1,F.14V-15R<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbb3851 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bbb3851\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-027_argPjxY.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-027_argPjxY.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425092\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425092\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00674c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"00674c5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a58418 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7a58418\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription-027_XFN2U1z.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Transcription-027_XFN2U1z.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425093\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425093\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91f4dfd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"91f4dfd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03aaa3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03aaa3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MediumGrid2\"><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0 1536, November 20. Valladolid.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: The Spanish Crown authorized the two Black slave servants of Santo Domingo\u2019s\u00a0fortress commander Gonzalo Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo to carry offensive and defensive\u00a0weapons while walking next to him and not otherwise<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868, L.1,F.14V-15R<\/strong><\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"169\"><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">The alcaideg<em>onzal<\/em>o hernandez<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"18\"><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">r<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"451\"><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">[fo. 14v.]\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">President and \/<em>oidores<\/em>\u00a0of our\u00a0<em>Audiencia<\/em>\u00a0\/<br \/>and Royal Chancellery of the\u00a0<em>Espa\u00f1ola<\/em>\u00a0island and\/<br \/>any of our other judicial officials in it to \/<br \/>whom this my writ may be presented, \/<br \/>Captain Gonzalo Hernandez de \/Oviedo, our \/<br \/><em>alcaide<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0of the fortress of that city of Santo\/<br \/>Domingo, has reported to me that he has \/<br \/>two Blacks accompanying him with their \/<br \/>weapons, as the other past\u00a0<em>alcaides<\/em>\u00a0\/<br \/><br \/>[fo. 15r.]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Xb\/<\/p><p class=\"MediumGrid2\">used to do, and that now it has been \/<br \/>proclaimed in that said city that Blacks may not \/<br \/>carry weapons, and he pleaded with me that, despite the said \/<br \/>proclamation, I should mandate that the said two Blacks \/<br \/>may be allowed to carry them, offensive as well as defensive, \/<br \/>while going about with him on foot or on horse, and that you\u00a0should not\/<br \/>take them\u00a0 away from them, or whatever my wish was, therefore I order\/<br \/>you that, once the said Gonzalo Hern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo gives \/<br \/>enough bails to you by which they give assurance that \/<br \/>with the said weapons the said Blacks will not offend \/<br \/>any person, and that they will carry them only \/<br \/>for the guarding and defense of his person \/<br \/>you\u00a0 should allow and consent that the said alcaide \/<br \/>takes around with him the said Blacks with offensive\/<br \/>and defensive weapons, so they may accompany him \/<br \/>and go about with him both on foot and on horse.\u00a0 Thus I, \/<br \/>by this my order, the\u00a0 said bails being given \/<br \/>as it has been said, give license and authority so that the \/<br \/>said two Blacks may carry and do carry \/<br \/>the said weapons while going about with the said\u00a0<em>alcaide<br \/><\/em>and not otherwise, despite any \/<br \/>prohibition or impediment there may be on the contrary, since\/<br \/>in regards to this one I exempt it.\u00a0 Done in the\/<br \/>village of Valladolid on XX days of the month of \/<br \/>November of one thousand and five hundred and thirty six years \/<br \/>I the Queen, certified and signed by the said ones \/\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425094\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425094\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba48c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ba48c3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da0dfaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da0dfaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1536, November 20. Valladolid.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: The Spanish Crown authorized the two Black slave servants of Santo Domingo\u2019s fortress\u00a0commander Gonzalo Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo to carry offensive and defensive weapons while\u00a0walking next to him and not otherwise<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868, L.1,F.14V-15R<\/strong><br \/><br \/>There were growing worries harbored by many Iberian settlers in La Espa\u00f1ola during the sixteenth century regarding the disparity or imbalance between a Black majority of the colony\u2019s population (especially an\u00a0<em>enslaved<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0Blacks\u2019 majority) and the predominantly Spanish white minority, and more concretely about the risks of Black slaves\u2019 rebellions. In spite of this, fortress\u2019 commander and chronicler Gonzalo Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo seem to have developed some trust towards two of the Black people that served him most directly.\u00a0<br \/><br \/>According to this royal decree of \u00a0November 1536, Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo had petitioned the Crown to grant him an exception to the local ordinance that the authorities of La Espa\u00f1ola had issued prohibiting the carrying of offensive and defensive weapons by Blacks in the colony.\u00a0 Fern\u00e1ndez reportedly had argued that it was already a tradition in La Espa\u00f1ola for the commanders of Santo Domingo City\u2019s fortress to have Black body-guards that carried weapons.\u00a0<br \/><br \/>The Spanish Crown responded positively to\u00a0<em>alcaide<\/em>\u00a0Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo\u2019s request, ordering the authorities of Santo Domingo to grant him a special permit that would allow his two guardian slaves to carry their weapons while on foot or while riding, provided they did so only while accompanying Fern\u00e1ndez \u201cand not otherwise.\u201d The order also provided that Fern\u00e1ndez payed a security deposit under the promise that the two Black body guards \u201cwill not offend any person and that they will only carry them for the guarding and defending of his person [Fern\u00e1ndez\u2019s].\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2234425095\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2234425095\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461a942 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"461a942\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24dccd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"24dccd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-027.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-027.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1536, November 20. Valladolid, SpainTheme: The Spanish Crown authorized the two Black slave servants of Santo Domingo\u2019s fortress\u00a0commander Gonzalo Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo to carry offensive and defensive weapons while\u00a0walking next to him and not otherwiseSource:\u00a0PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles&#8211;Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,868, L.1,F.14V-15R This browser does [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3265","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 027 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/spn\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-027-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 027 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1536, November 20. 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