{"id":2633,"date":"2025-02-16T16:36:23","date_gmt":"2025-02-16T16:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?p=2633"},"modified":"2025-02-16T16:45:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T16:45:27","slug":"arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks","title":{"rendered":"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/a>By 1520 a\u00a0gold mining crisis was beginning in the colony of La Espa\u00f1ola, with a severe drop in\u00a0production resulting from the rapid dwindling of the Indian population,\u00a0intervention by the Crown\u00a0that reduced\u00a0the direct control of the surviving Indian laborers by the\u00a0encomenderos<\/em>, and\u00a0a\u00a0decrease in\u00a0the currency-capital available to finance it. Miners sustained the worst burden, often falling in debt or\u00a0going to jail, while the Crown was still able to collect duties one way or the other.[1]<\/a>\u00a0And as\u00a0a new alternate branch of trade activity, the cane-sugar industry, controlled by a few powerful, mostly local men expanded, African slaves began to be imported in larger quantities.[2]<\/a><\/p>

That same year,\u00a0oidor<\/em>\u00a0Figueroa reported that 40\u00a0ingenios<\/em>\u00a0or sugar-making estates were already in the process of construction. Though the figure may seem exaggerated in light of the figure\u00a0of 35\u00a0ingenios<\/em>\u00a0recorded almost three decades later (exactly in 1548), it attests to the expansion of the sugar industry in La Espa\u00f1ola in the early 1520s and the sustained increase in the arrival of Black population who, after replacing indigenous workers in the gold-mining industry, were becoming the main source of labor for\u00a0the sugar and agricultural businesses.[3]<\/a>\u00a0The demographic decline of European colonists taking place in the island was addressed in communications to the Spanish monarch in 1528 by officials\u00a0Zuazo and Espinosa who explained that five towns had disappeared from the island of La Espa\u00f1ola as a result of the colonists’ exodus.\u00a0[4]<\/a>\u00a0(See Manuscript No. 025)<\/a>.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a>Even those in La Espa\u00f1ola who\u00a0still defended the continuation of the gold-mining efforts\u00a0in the colony were now proposing for those to be made\u00a0using enslaved Black labor. In November of 1526, king Charles I, while decreeing the obligation to pay a salary to the Indians as free laborers, tried to encourage the exploiting of the gold mines, ordering that vassals of all of his states besides Castille be allowed\u00a0entry into the colonial territories. In December he decreed the freedom of colonists to\u00a0attempt mining wherever they wanted in the colony. And in March of 1528, the president of the\u00a0Audiencia<\/em>\u00a0and bishop of the church Sebasti\u00e1n Ram\u00edrez Fuenleal was writing to the King and reporting on the decline in the\u00a0population in several of La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s towns, and recommending\u00a0that new cohorts of settler-families be sent, even from Portugal and the Netherlands to\u00a0keep trying to exploit the mines, each family to be awarded\u00a0three Blacks to work in the mines for them.\u00a0[5]<\/a><\/p>

Another proposal submitted to the Spanish king from La Espa\u00f1ola during this period that indicates the eagerness of the settlers to get enslaved Black labor suggested the granting of lands in the colony to poor people from the Crown\u2019s territories as well as from Portuguese possessions like the islands of Madeira and Cabo Verde, together with the right to take to the island with them tax-exempted enslaved Blacks to work in the mines or in agriculture, and the passing of a law granting freedom to these after fifteen years of service without running away or after extracting a total of 15\u00a0marcos<\/em>\u00a0of gold for their masters.[6]<\/a><\/p>

In the early 1530s there was a momentary increase in the production of gold in La Espa\u00f1ola that, according to Deive reveals \u201cthe growing importance of Blacks in the labor of the mines\u201d of the colony as showin in\u00a0a report of July of 1531 by the local colonial authorities.[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cThe massive introduction of Black slaves into the island translated, in the 1530s, into an increase in the production of gold, but the crisis returned when the arrival of those Blacks stopped and was accompanied by the demise of many by disease, illnesses of various types, or by exhaustion at work. We know that in 1531 the local colonial authorities asked the Crown twice for permission to allow the free importing of enslaved Blacks, but the Crown does not seem to have responded decisively to this request.[8]<\/a><\/p>

About a decade later, and despite prior royal prohibitions, a number of Africans of Moorish origin had arrived in the Spanish colonies as slaves and some of them ended up in La Espa\u00f1ola. In 1543, Charles I issued an order that all enslaved Moors present in the colonies were to be expelled, which seems to provide\u00a0evidence that there were at least some in the American territories.[9]<\/a>\u00a0More to the point, there is a letter of 1550 from the local authorities of Santo Domingo to the king mentioning the presence of at least 100 enslaved Moors in La Espa\u00f1ola at the time and asking the king to exempt them from the 1543 prohibition. The letter reportedly claimed that \u201cthe number of free and slave\u00a0Moriscos<\/em>, some introduced with a license and some without it, was of little significance in the island, for in the capital they barely reached a hundred and besides they were very useful since they performed various trades.\u201d The King granted the request under the condition that the slaves were not allowed to leave the place. (Saco, Jos\u00e9 Antonio.\u00a0Historia de la esclavitud de la raza africana en el nuevo mundo y en especial en los pa\u00edses am\u00e9rico-hispanos<\/em>. Habana: Cultural, 1938. Vol. I, p.\u00a0305-306<\/span>)<\/p>

<\/p>

Seven years later, 1550 King Charles I issued another law nullifying the 1543 prohibition of the importing of enslaved Moors,[10]<\/a>\u00a0which may be interpreted as an indication that by then the religious difference factor was no longer considered a threat or that the ban\u00a0may have been considered counterproductive in some undesirable way.<\/p>

And according to another mid 16th-century testimony\u00a0by the Crown\u2019s colonial treasury officials in Santo Domingo, enslaved Blacks were by then arriving into La Espa\u00f1ola at a rate of 2,000 each year.\u00a0[11]<\/a>\u00a0This would have meant an entry of 20,000 slaves in just the five years before and the five after that statement. In 1567, (while in Spain the use of the Arabic language and Arabian national attire\u00a0was prohibited that year), in Santo Domingo, \u201can undetermined number of male and female Moors worked in the fortress of Santo Domingo to whom artillery specialist Antonio G\u00f3mez, in charge of the work, paid one\u00a0tom\u00edn<\/em>\u00a0per day for their sustenance.” And two years later, in 1569, a letter from the City Council of Santo Domingo announced that regularly 1,500 or 2,000 Moriscos entered the island every year.[12]<\/a><\/p>

[1]<\/a>\u00a0 Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La Esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 37.<\/p>

[2]<\/a>\u00a0 \u201cThe massive entry of Africans will come into effect from 1520 onwards, with the expansion of the sugar industry and at a moment when the native depopulation began to be felt in a definitive way.\u201d Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La Esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 26. Franklin Franco Pichardo argues that by 1518 the large-scale\u00a0importation of African slaves and the proliferation of sugar production had already begun, since by 1520 the island already possessed 24 ingenios and 4 trapiches and these required a workforce to function. See Franklin Franco Pichardo,\u00a0Historia del pueblo dominicano.\u00a0<\/em>Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Ediciones del Instituto del Libro, 1992.\u00a0Vol. I, p. 67.<\/p>

[3]<\/a>\u00a0 Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 26 and 28-29.<\/p>

[4]<\/a>\u00a0 This letter is also available at the Obadiah Rich Collection of the New York Public Library, Juan Bautista Mu\u00f1oz Collection, Reel 4, f. 214r.<\/p>

[5]<\/a>\u00a0 Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La Esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 37.<\/p>

[6]<\/a>\u00a0 Serrano y Sanz, DCVIII-DCXIX. Cited in\u00a0Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 37-38. Deive does not give a specific date, but it can be inferred that he is referring to the years 1528 and 1531.\u00a0<\/p>

[7]<\/a>\u00a0 Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 39.<\/p>

[8]<\/a>\u00a0 Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 40.<\/p>

[9]<\/a>\u00a0 The exact date of the letter was August 14, 1543.<\/p>

[10]<\/a>\u00a0 The exact\u00a0date of the communication is\u00a0November 13, 1550. Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, p. 20.<\/p>

[11]<\/a>\u00a0 Carlos Esteban Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo<\/em>, Vol. I, 1980, p. 88.<\/p>

[12]<\/a>\u00a0 Utrera, 1978, II:12. Cited in\u00a0Deive,\u00a0La esclavitud del negro en Santo Domingo,<\/em>\u00a0Vol. I, 1980, p. 20.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks By 1520 a\u00a0gold mining crisis was beginning in the colony of La Espa\u00f1ola, with a severe drop in\u00a0production resulting from the rapid dwindling of the Indian population,\u00a0intervention by the Crown\u00a0that reduced\u00a0the direct control of the surviving Indian laborers by the\u00a0encomenderos, and\u00a0a\u00a0decrease in\u00a0the currency-capital available to finance it. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-summaries"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks By 1520 a\u00a0gold mining crisis was beginning in the colony of La Espa\u00f1ola, with a severe drop in\u00a0production resulting from the rapid dwindling of the Indian population,\u00a0intervention by the Crown\u00a0that reduced\u00a0the direct control of the surviving Indian laborers by the\u00a0encomenderos, and\u00a0a\u00a0decrease in\u00a0the currency-capital available to finance it. […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T16:36:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-16T16:45:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b6bf6c7b15e04c0667f7cf38583de977\"},\"headline\":\"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T16:36:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T16:45:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\"},\"wordCount\":1360,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"summaries\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\",\"name\":\"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks - First Blacks in The Americas\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-16T16:36:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-16T16:45:27+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/\",\"name\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg\",\"width\":240,\"height\":52,\"caption\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b6bf6c7b15e04c0667f7cf38583de977\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d63f3c5cab2065cf80be75a6db41d3a0daa69fd13a516443b1e600571eedc2de?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d63f3c5cab2065cf80be75a6db41d3a0daa69fd13a516443b1e600571eedc2de?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d63f3c5cab2065cf80be75a6db41d3a0daa69fd13a516443b1e600571eedc2de?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/author\/admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks - First Blacks in The Americas","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks","next":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks\/2","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks - First Blacks in The Americas","og_description":"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks By 1520 a\u00a0gold mining crisis was beginning in the colony of La Espa\u00f1ola, with a severe drop in\u00a0production resulting from the rapid dwindling of the Indian population,\u00a0intervention by the Crown\u00a0that reduced\u00a0the direct control of the surviving Indian laborers by the\u00a0encomenderos, and\u00a0a\u00a0decrease in\u00a0the currency-capital available to finance it. […]","og_url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks","og_site_name":"First Blacks in The Americas","article_published_time":"2025-02-16T16:36:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-16T16:45:27+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1920,"url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b6bf6c7b15e04c0667f7cf38583de977"},"headline":"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks","datePublished":"2025-02-16T16:36:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-16T16:45:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks"},"wordCount":1360,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg","articleSection":["summaries"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks","url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks","name":"The sugar business accelerated the arrival of blacks - First Blacks in The Americas","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg","datePublished":"2025-02-16T16:36:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-16T16:45:27+00:00","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/arrival-04-sugar-accelerated-imports-of-blacks#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/DSI0027_y3W8e5K-300x225.jpg"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/","name":"First Blacks in The Americas","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization","name":"First Blacks in The Americas","url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg","width":240,"height":52,"caption":"First Blacks in The Americas"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b6bf6c7b15e04c0667f7cf38583de977","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d63f3c5cab2065cf80be75a6db41d3a0daa69fd13a516443b1e600571eedc2de?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d63f3c5cab2065cf80be75a6db41d3a0daa69fd13a516443b1e600571eedc2de?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d63f3c5cab2065cf80be75a6db41d3a0daa69fd13a516443b1e600571eedc2de?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/firstblacks.org"],"url":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/author\/admin"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2633"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2639,"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2633\/revisions\/2639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}