{"id":2369,"date":"2025-02-11T16:50:07","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T16:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?p=2369"},"modified":"2025-02-11T16:50:27","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T16:50:27","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/timeline","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2369\" class=\"elementor elementor-2369\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3034af1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3034af1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd55c65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd55c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Timeline<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3bbfa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3bbfa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>This timeline includes the main facts about the early black inhabitants of La Espa\u00f1ola that resided in the colony between the 1490s and the 1610s as they appear mentioned in the documents contained in this platform.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17c89e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17c89e8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e19cd5 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7e19cd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"132226261\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262611\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262611\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1490\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262612\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262612\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1500\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262613\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262613\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1510\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262614\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262614\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1520\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262615\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262615\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1530\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262616\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262616\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1540\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262617\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262617\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1550\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262618\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262618\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 8;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1560\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262619\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"9\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262619\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 9;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1570\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626110\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"10\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626110\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 10;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1580\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626111\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"11\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626111\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 11;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1590\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626112\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"12\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626112\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 12;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1600\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626113\" class=\"e-n-tab-title elementor-animation-grow\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"13\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626113\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 13;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t1610\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262611\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262611\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-50f93e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"50f93e7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5aaba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa5aaba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1492<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Young free black man Juan Portugu\u00e9s (\u201cJohn The Portuguese\u201d) arrived in La Espa\u00f1ola with Christopher Columbus in his first trip to the Americas. The information is contained in a statement given by Juan Portugu\u00e9s in 1516 at Santa Mar\u00eda del Dari\u00e9n (today\u2019s Colombia)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-071-manuscript\/transcription\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 071)<\/a><br \/><br \/><strong>1497<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; The Spanish Catholic Monarchs granted lands to the early settlers of La Espa\u00f1ola so that they can cultivate a variety of crops, including sugar canes. They also granted lands to build\u00a0<em>ingenios<\/em>\u00a0or sugar mills. Since at the time most of the Iberian sugar estates in the Eastern Atlantic used enslaved black labor, it is likely that those thinking about launching a sugar business in La Espa\u00f1ola were already thinking of importing enslaved Africans.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-001-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 001)<\/a><\/p><p><br \/><strong>1497-1501<\/strong><strong>\u00a0&#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0A black woman in the early village of Santo Domingo (also known as \u201cla negra del hospital\u201d), possibly a free person, established the first hospital-like healing site of the colonial Americas at her own\u00a0<em>boh\u00edo<\/em>\u00a0or house.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-060-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 060)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262612\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262612\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9dbb6e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9dbb6e6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e8a3ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e8a3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1500<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; Young black man Juan Prieto or Juan Moreno (\u201cJohn the Black\u201d), a servant of Christopher Columbus while residing in La Espa\u00f1ola, is condemned to a flogging by Columbus for not being able to hunt certain poultry. This individual is thought to be the same Juan Portugu\u00e9s (\u201cJohn The Portuguese\u201d) who arrived in La Espa\u00f1ola with Christopher Columbus in his first trip to the Americas.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 003)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1501 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>Gaspar Gricio, Secretary of the Spanish Crown, proposed a tax code for the new colony of La Espa\u00f1ola, in which cane sugar was listed as one of the products expected to be produced by the settlers. It is likely the settlers were already thinking of importing enslaved blacks to work in this enterprise. (<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-002-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Document No. 002<\/a>)<\/p><p><strong>1501 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>September 5: The Spanish Crown allowed a private individual to lead a settler\u2019s expedition to La Espa\u00f1ola, but prohibited \u201cJews or Moors or Reconciled\u201d and their descendants from being admitted into the colony.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-004-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 004)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1501 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>September 16: The Spanish Crown gave permission for the introduction of enslaved blacks in the new colonies, under the condition that they be already Christianized. Jews, Moors and the newly converted, in general, were forbidden from going.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-005-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 005)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1501 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>October 16: In Seville, a free black man named Pedro was hired as a servant to go to La Espa\u00f1ola and work there for two years digging for gold, in exchange for a salary and lodging, as well as meals and beverages during the period of the contract.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-068-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 068)<\/a><br \/><br \/><strong>1503 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>March 29: The Spanish Crown indicated that by 1503 there were an undetermined number of enslaved blacks in La Espa\u00f1ola and that practically all of them had run away into the wilderness. In response to colonial governor Nicol\u00e1s de Ovando, the Crown also promised to stop the sending of enslaved blacks to the colony. Furthermore it allowed fifteen foreigners that were already in La Espa\u00f1ola to remain there, but prohibited any more from being admitted.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-007-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 007)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1504 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>February 15: Following colonial Governor Nicol\u00e1s de Ovando\u2019s request, the Spanish Crown ordered to stop the sending of \u201cslaves\u201d (enslaved black laborers, for the most part) to the island of La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-008-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 008)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1504 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>August 26: Responding to requests from settlers in La Espa\u00f1ola, the Spanish Crown authorized importing of enslaved (black) women into La Espa\u00f1ola, provided they were Christianized.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-016-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 016)<\/a><br \/><strong><br \/><\/strong><strong>1505 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0May 5: The Spanish Crown ordered the sending to La Espa\u00f1ola of twenty enslaved black laborers requested by colonial governor Nicol\u00e1s de Ovando.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-010-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 010)<\/a><strong><br \/><br \/><\/strong><strong>1505 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0September 15: The Spanish Crown acknowledged a new request for more enslaved blacks from La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s governor Nicol\u00e1s de Ovando, promising to send 100 more, and ordering that all those already in La Espa\u00f1ola be put to work in the gold mines.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-009-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 009)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1509 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>May 3: The Catholic Kings of Spain prohibited the entrance into the Indies of foreigners and descendants of the \u201cburnt ones\u201d (those condemned for heresy)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-067-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 067)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262613\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262613\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-18d0311 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18d0311\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd4619b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd4619b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1510 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>January 22: The King of Spain ordered Diego Col\u00f3n, colonial governor of La Espa\u00f1ola, to expand to the maximum the number of workers assigned to digging gold, including all the \u201cslaves\u201d (enslaved blacks) that the king had in the island. He also promised to reiterate the order to have 50 additional \u201cslaves\u201d sent to the island for the same purpose.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-041-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 041)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1510 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>January 22: The King of Spain repeated a prior order to the\u00a0<em>Casa de la Contrataci\u00f3n<\/em>\u00a0in Seville to send 50 \u201cslaves\u201d to La Espa\u00f1ola to work in the extraction of gold for the Crown.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-042-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 042)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1510 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>January-June: Sometime in this period a ship with a cargo of black slaves captained by Pero de Ledesma was sent by the Spanish Crown to La Espa\u00f1ola. The data appeared in a royal communication of October 23 or 24 of 1511.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-012-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 012)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1511 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>July 6: The King of Spain wrote to the colonial royal treasurer of Santo Domingo approving the proposal to move the king\u2019s \u201cIndians and slaves\u201d already assigned to the mines of San Crist\u00f3bal to other mines in La Espa\u00f1ola due to low yielding of gold.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-066-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 066)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1511 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>July 21: King Ferdinand of Spain expressed dissatisfaction and perplexity at learning about the death of \u201cblacks\u201d in La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-065-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 065)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1513 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>March 14: A freedwoman Catalina and her son Diego, both blacks, obtained license to travel from Seville to the Americas, possibly to La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-013-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 013)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1514 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>October 18: Bishop Pedro Su\u00e1rez de Deza obtained a royal license to ship 10 slaves from Seville to La Espa\u00f1ola to work in the construction of the church at the village of La Concepci\u00f3n (La Vega).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-052-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 052)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1515 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>June 15: A royal license was issued to Francisco de Esquivel to ship 6 \u201cblack slaves that are Christian\u201d from Seville to La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-014-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 014)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1518 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>January 18: Alonso Zuazo,\u00a0<em>oidor<\/em>\u00a0of the\u00a0<em>Audiencia<\/em>\u00a0of Santo Domingo, boasted in a letter about imposing discipline among the enslaved blacks of La Espa\u00f1ola by applying exemplary harsh punishment like flogging and cutting of ears to some of them.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-056-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 056)<\/a><br \/><br \/><strong>1518 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>March 2: The Spanish Crown granted license to Crist\u00f3bal de Tapia, a colonial treasury official of La Espa\u00f1ola, to import into the colony 15 enslaved black men and 2 enslaved black women to work at a sugar estate.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-006-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 006)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1519 \u2013<\/strong>Three enslaved blacks convicted of a homicide in La Espa\u00f1ola got the tips of some of their toes severed as punishment.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-017-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 017)<\/a><br \/><br \/><strong>1519 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>According to a settler called to testify, some enslaved blacks owned by politically powerful masters in La Espa\u00f1ola were literally able to get away with the murder of other black men.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-043-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 043)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1519 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>September 15: A \u201cwhite slave\u201d was brought to La Espa\u00f1ola by a ship captain and was sold to\u00a0<em>Audiencia<\/em>\u00a0judge or\u00a0<em>oidor<\/em>\u00a0Alonso Zuazo.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-054-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Documento No. 054)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262614\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262614\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e760226 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e760226\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1ba299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1ba299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1520 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>August 20: In the face of the imperial trade monopoly imposed by Spain, colonial treasury officials of La Espa\u00f1ola requested that the colony\u2019s settlers be allowed to buy enslaved blacks wherever they wanted and in the quantities they deemed necessary.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-018-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 018)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1521 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>December 24: The first recorded black uprising in the Americas. On Christmas Eve, a group of enslaved blacks from the sugar estate of governor Diego Col\u00f3n in the vicinities of Santo Domingo City rebelled and marched towards the village of Azua on the southern-central coast of the island. The event is cited in the introduction to the ordinances about blacks in La Espa\u00f1ola of January 6, 1522.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-019-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 019)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1522 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0January 6: In response to the uprising of black slaves during Christmas holiday, colonial Governor of La Espa\u00f1ola Diego Col\u00f3n issued a new set of ordinances for a stricter control of the movements and behavior of the enslaved black population of the colony. These are the earliest ordinances on blacks that have survived from the times.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-019-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 019)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1522 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0November 13: The Spanish Crown stated that many ship captains and sailors were entering \u201cslaves\u201d into La Espa\u00f1ola without the required license, and it ordered the colonial authorities to make an inventory of the slaves that had arrived in that manner.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-020-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 020)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1523 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>December 27: Spanish King Charles V acknowledged having received reports from the colonial authorities of La Espa\u00f1ola from September of that year indicating that shortly before some blacks had run away from their masters and later another group had begun to act out. The Crown insisted in the need to \u201cpunish\u201d and \u201cpacify\u201d those involved.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-021-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 021)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1527 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0June 28: Spain\u2019s King Charles V said in a letter to Mar\u00eda de Toledo, vicerein residing in La Espa\u00f1ola, that he had received information about an uprising of blacks and Indians in the island. Another communication from the king on the same date referred to the same issue.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-064-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Documento No. 064)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1527 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>June 28: Spanish King Charles V stated that many enslaved blacks were being carried to La Espa\u00f1ola without the required royal license, being introduced \u201csecretly\u201d or abusing the number of slaves allowed by the licenses.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-059-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 059)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1527 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>June 28: Worried about the presence in La Espa\u00f1ola of a population of enslaved black men much larger than that of white colonists, and fearful of a rebellion by the enslaved, king Charles V mandated the sending of enslaved black women to the colony and the promotion of marriages among blacks (and family formation) as a tool to reduce the inclination of black slaves to rebel.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-022-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 022)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1527 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0July 20: Spanish King Charles V mentioned that in correspendence of November, 1526 he had been informed about an uprising \u201cof the blacks and the Indians&#8221; that took place in La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-061-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 061)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1527 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0October 24: The members of the City Council of Santo Domingo asked the Spanish Crown to allow them to acquire enslaved black laborers through free market relations so they could get them at lower prices.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-023-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 023)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1528 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>February 15: In response to requests from settlers of La Espa\u00f1ola to for the Crown to send\u00a0the 4,000 enslaved blacks whose shipping to the colony had been contracted with the Governor of Bresa, the Spanish King stated to have ordered the sending of a part of them already. Also the King approved a ban by the authorities of Santo Domingo against the arrival of free blacks as well as Ladino black slaves, both accused of the inciting of rebellions.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-045-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 045)<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>1528 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0March 30: The authorities of La Espa\u00f1ola expressed acute concern for the shrinking population of colonists and highlighted the importance of enslaved black labor for the survival of the colony, arguing that without slaves the settlers would not stay in La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-025-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 025)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1528 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>April 6: The fleeing of enslaved blacks away from the gold mines and agricultural farms in La Espa\u00f1ola continued. A dispute took place in the colony between Governor Diego Col\u00f3n and the\u00a0<em>Audiencia<\/em>\u00a0judges as to the need for a constable that should specialize in the prosecution of run-away slaves.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-024-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 024)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262615\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262615\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9296832 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9296832\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e260cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e260cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1530 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>April 10: A female black slave was burned at the stake in Santo Domingo City accused of poisoning her female mistress.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-026-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 026)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1536 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0November 20: In a communication, the Spanish Crown acknowledged having received a request of permission from Gonzalo Fern\u00e1ndez de Oviedo in La Espa\u00f1ola to have two armed black slaves acting as his body-guards.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-027-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 027)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1537 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>February 3: In La Espa\u00f1ola Indians and blacks condemned to the death penalty or dismemberment or torture by the colonial judicial system were presenting judicial appeals that sent their cases to the courts in Spain and delayed for months the trials before a final sentencing could be official. King Charles V ordered the colonial authorities to stop accepting the appeals.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-029-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 029)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1537 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>February 3: The King of Spain approved the appointment of local individuals of La Espa\u00f1ola as new judges so that two pending trials against run-away blacks \u201cthat require great punishment\u201d could be completed and the sentence of death or mutilation could be executed.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-030-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 030)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1538 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0April 8: In some rural areas of La Espa\u00f1ola, there were 600 blacks and Indians to 100 Spaniards, and in some sugar estates there were 100 blacks and Indians. Colonial authorities thought there was a need for more constables to punish crimes in those areas.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-031-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 031)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1538 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>April 10: A testimony from the colonial authorities of La Espa\u00f1ola shows\u00a0the fundamental role of the enslaved black labor force in the construction of the defensive walls and structures of the city of Santo Domingo. Also, when pirates attacked unprotected villages and places in areas of La Espa\u00f1ola away from Santo Domingo City, enslaved blacks were at as much risk as the rest of the settlers\u2019 population, since they could be treated by the attackers as chattel stolen or kidnapped to be exchanged for a ransom. (<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-032-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Document No. 032<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-070-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Document No. 070<\/a>)<\/p><p><strong>1539 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0September 3: Catalina Fern\u00e1ndez, a black freedwoman in Seville, obtained license to travel to La Espa\u00f1ola with her daughter Francisca de Castilla, apparently a freedwoman as well.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-033-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 033)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262616\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262616\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-17b1373 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17b1373\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-017b301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"017b301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1544 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0Two groups of maroons roamed in La Espa\u00f1ola, and a military squad led by a captain was sent by the colonial authorities to fight them, killing some, making others prisoners and punishing others, while some could not be captured. The information appears in a correspondence from the king of Spain of April 24, 1545.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-034-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 034)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1544 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0July 14: Maroon and rebel black slaves in La Espa\u00f1ola were a concern for residents of the city of Santo Domingo.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-050-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 050)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1544-1545\u00a0\u2013<\/strong>\u00a0Several passengers going from Seville to the Indies embarked with them a number of enslaved blacks.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-046-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 046)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1545 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0April 24: Spanish King Charles V ordered the colonial authorities of La Espa\u00f1ola to issue new ordinances on the treatment of enslaved blacks, apparently with the thought that some current abuses against black slaves by their masters were a factor in inciting rebellions.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-034-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 034)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1545 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0April 24: King Charles V expressed support for the idea of the colonial authorities of La Espa\u00f1ola about either deporting or freeing all\u00a0<em>ladino<\/em>\u00a0black slaves because these were prone to rebel and incite\u00a0<em>bozales<\/em>\u00a0to rebel in search for freedom.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-034-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 034)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1545 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0April: In a communication Prince Phillip of Spain expressed concern about the uprisings of maroon blacks in La Espa\u00f1ola and the attacks they had launched in villages and rural areas of the center and north of the island.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 035)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1545 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0April 24: A communication from Charles V of Spain stated that there were enslaved Berbers and free descendants of Moors with trades in La Espa\u00f1ola, ordered a list to be drawn and prohibit any more from being admitted into the colony.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-028-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 028)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1547 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>April 30: In a document the Spanish King referred to local cowboys in charge of cattle herds in La Espa\u00f1ola (mostly enslaved blacks), as being prone to get together, socialize and idle when they had chances to bring their herds to graze next to each other.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-055-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 055)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262617\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262617\" data-tab-index=\"7\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b2980b4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2980b4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4fb8ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4fb8ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1553 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0Residents of Santo Domingo City still remembered how black maroon leader Sebasti\u00e1n Lemba\u2019s severed head was exhibited at the city\u2019s public square after he was killed.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-062-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 062)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1553 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0December 5: A young man of black complexion (\u201ccarimoreno\u201d) from Santo Domingo studying in Seville, requested royal license to return to La Espa\u00f1ola.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-036-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 036)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1555 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0A Portuguese slave ship arrived in Santo Domingo loaded with branded black Africans and sugar crates.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-063-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 063)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1555-1556 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0A cargo of enslaved black Africans that arrived in a Portuguese ship at the port of Santo Domingo without a license were seized by the local colonial authorities and sold at an auction.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-044-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 044)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1556 \u2013<\/strong>February:\u00a0 A \u201cblack ladino man creole of Saint Tom\u00e9, slave\u201d was called by the authorities of Santo Domingo to declare in the inquiry launched about the cargo of enslaved black Africans brought in by a Portuguese ship.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-048-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 048)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1557 \u2013<\/strong>January 24: A female black slave testified as witness against a Spanish or creole settler accused of rape against a Mestizo young girl in Santo Domingo City.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-051-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 051)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1558 \u2013<\/strong>October 8: The prison of Santo Domingo City held blacks and non-blacks, slaves and non-slaves, men and women, within the same building.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-037-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 037)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262618\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262618\" data-tab-index=\"8\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 8;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-65c8cc0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65c8cc0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0173036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0173036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1568-1572 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0In a communication to the Crown, the colonial prosecutor of La Espa\u00f1ola stressed the need for additional enslaved laborers for the colony.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-058-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 058)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1322262619\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1322262619\" data-tab-index=\"9\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 9;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5705b06 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5705b06\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-508bb40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"508bb40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1575 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0December 14: Mar\u00eda de Cota, a black freedwoman from Santo Domingo, requested royal license to travel to the Americas after serving for more than ten years under two mistresses in Seville, Spain.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-038-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 038)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1575 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0December 16: A number of enslaved black Africans were auctioned publicly in Santo Domingo City. They had been seized from a Portuguese ship that arrived with them as cargo at the port of Santo Domingo City from Africa without the required license.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-053-01-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 053)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1576 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0November 11: A deed of freedom was issued in Santo Domingo to Mar\u00eda and Francisca D\u00e1vila, black women, mother and daughter and former slaves of the late Francisco D\u00e1vila.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-047-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 047)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1579 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0April 22: Colonial prosecutor of La Espa\u00f1ola Gaspar de Torres recommended the importing of large numbers of enslaved blacks at affordable prices to work in the gold mines of the colony. He also recommended putting an end to the commercial trade monopoly of Seville, as key to the survival of La Espa\u00f1ola as a colony.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-039-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 039)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626110\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626110\" data-tab-index=\"10\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 10;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-13bdfe2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13bdfe2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eed76f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eed76f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1580 \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>July 2: In Seville, Spain, a black freedwoman born in Santo Domingo named Mar\u00eda de Cota requested a royal license to travel back from Seville to La Espa\u00f1ola with her three-year old daughter also born in Santo Domingo.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-069-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 069)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626111\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626111\" data-tab-index=\"11\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 11;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5b66ad1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b66ad1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-578b17a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"578b17a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1594 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0October 9: A black African sold as a slave by French smugglers on La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s northern coast claimed his right to freedom before judicial authorities of the colony, based on the fact that he was of a noble family in a kingdom named Vogonda in Guinea, Africa.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-040-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 040)<\/a><\/p><p><strong>1594 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0October 21: The smuggling of enslaved blacks into La Espa\u00f1ola continued in the vicinities of Bayah\u00e1, on the northwestern coast of the island.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-057-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 057)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626112\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626112\" data-tab-index=\"12\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 12;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c8b7298 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c8b7298\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6975202 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6975202\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1605 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0May 12: Eight slaves of Captain Ger\u00f3nimo Ag\u00fcero Bardeci were seized by the\u00a0<em>Audiencia<\/em>\u00a0of Santo Domingo during a trial against him under the accusation of corruption.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-049-manuscript\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Document No. 049)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-13222626113\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-13222626113\" data-tab-index=\"13\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 13;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0537f2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0537f2c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6430e98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6430e98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>1613 \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0A black or mulatto man from Santo Domingo named Juan Rodr\u00edguez arrived at the Hudson Harbor in North America on board of a Dutch ship and stayed at least for a year residing in the area devoted to trading furs with the local natives or indigenous population, and becoming in the process the first non-native immigrant resident.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/academicworks.cuny.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&amp;context=dsi_pubs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(<em>Juan Rodr\u00edguez and the Beginning of New York City<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Timeline This timeline includes the main facts about the early black inhabitants of La Espa\u00f1ola that resided in the colony between the 1490s and the 1610s as they appear mentioned in the documents contained in this platform. 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1492\u00a0\u2013 Young free black man [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-summaries"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Timeline - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/timeline\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Timeline - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" 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