{"id":2316,"date":"2025-02-09T05:29:39","date_gmt":"2025-02-09T05:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?p=2316"},"modified":"2025-02-09T05:39:31","modified_gmt":"2025-02-09T05:39:31","slug":"fb-the-archival-sources","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/fb-the-archival-sources","title":{"rendered":"The Archival Manuscripts"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2316\" class=\"elementor elementor-2316\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82a416a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"82a416a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-083a74f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"083a74f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Archival Manuscripts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a32eac5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a32eac5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2318 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--204x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--scaled-600x883.jpg 600w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--696x1024.jpg 696w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--768x1130.jpg 768w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--1044x1536.jpg 1044w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--1392x2048.jpg 1392w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/manuscript-003--scaled.jpg 1740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px\" \/>The main, and most\u00a0abundant, primary sources of information about the inhabitants of La Espa\u00f1ola (Black and otherwise) during the centuries of its colonial period, which is the same as to say its early period of formation as a multiethnic society in modern times, are\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/\" target=\"_self\">the manuscripts<\/a>\u00a0or hand-written documents produced by those who enjoyed the social privilege of having learned how to write during those times.\u00a0They were for the most part the bureaucrats of the Spanish empire residing in the colony of La Espa\u00f1ola\u00a0as well as\u00a0some of the colonists of Spanish or other European origins,\u00a0their offspring born in the colony, and some of\u00a0those among the non-White population\u00a0who were not subjected to the oppression of slavery.\u00a0<\/p><p>The data about the Black people of La Espa\u00f1ola contained in those documents, therefore, are almost always written down by non-Blacks and the non-enslaved, and probably reflect whatever worldview informed how the authors perceived the Black people of the colony as well as society and the world in general at the time.\u00a0This general\u00a0social mentality probably informed what they wrote and what they did not write, what they considered worth recording and not worth recording as inhabitants of La Espa\u00f1ola. Every now and then we find mentions of utterances and words reportedly said by Blacks and enslaved Blacks in testimonies about themselves or about others that were ultimately written down, overwhelmingly, by non-Black and non-enslaved individuals.<\/p><p>The main challenge that these manuscripts pose to the general readers of our time\u00a0consists of the peculiar handwriting styles they were written in, which at the time were not absolutely uniform but actually\u00a0four different styles, in each of which the calligraphy or\u00a0the scripting of each letter\u00a0was rather different from the style\u00a0that finally made it to our time as the prevalent one.\u00a0This difference renders\u00a0the reading and deciphering of the said manuscripts almost impossible, or at least so labor-intense as to discourage most potential readers from engaging with\u00a0them.\u00a0As a result,\u00a0possibly hundreds of thousands of folios or pages of documentation that say things about the Black people of La Espa\u00f1ola during the centuries of the modern period, have remained and still remain unstudied or unknown, the historical experience of those ancestors of today\u2019s Black and mixed-race Dominicans remaining in oblivion.<\/p><p>In this context, the knowledge of and training in paleographic reading, that is, teaching people how to decipher these old handwriting styles, becomes fundamental for\u00a0expanding the research and discovery of new information on the early Blacks of La Espa\u00f1ola and the Americas. It is a kind of training that for too long has been sequestered in Ph.D. and advanced-degree education programs in the humanities and the social sciences in universities and other sites of higher education. In reality it is a learning process perfectly achievable by any individual with a basic command of reading in Spanish.\u00a0The CUNY Dominican Studies Institute is trying to contribute to such broader outside-the-university learning, in what we see as a democratizing of historical knowledge, through the online platform called the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/spanishpaleographytool.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Spanish Paleography Digital Teaching and Learning Tool<\/em><\/a>\u00a0launched by CUNY DSI in 2013 with support from the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.neh.gov\/divisions\/odh\" target=\"_self\">National Endowment for the Humanities<\/a>.<\/p><p>The archival originals of most of the manuscripts contained in\u00a0<em>First Blacks in the Americas<\/em>\u00a0come from the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mecd.gob.es\/cultura-mecd\/areas-cultura\/archivos\/mc\/archivos\/agi\/portada.html;jsessionid=35108D9390E46CE8951F3CCAD315959F\" target=\"_self\">Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla<\/a>\u00a0and, in a lesser proportion, the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.juntadeandalucia.es\/cultura\/archivos\/ahpsevilla\" target=\"_self\">Archivo Hist\u00f3rico Provincial de Sevilla<\/a>, both located in the city of Seville, in Spain, the former commercial capital of the Spanish empire during the entire 16th century.\u00a0Others are held at the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nuestropatrimonio.gob.do\/index.php\/investigo\/patrimonio-documental\/4--2\/file\" target=\"_self\">Archivo Diocesano de Santo Domingo<\/a>, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. A great deal of the manuscripts from Archivo General de Indias were found by the CUNY DSI research team in the large\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_self\">PARES-Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles<\/a>\u00a0(the Spanish Online Historical Archives Database).\u00a0Others come from the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute&#8217;s Dominican Colonial Documents Collection, formed by copies of manuscripts purchased from the Archivo General de Indias and not necessarily installed yet in PARES at the time of our research.\u00a0To view a general list of all manuscripts used in this website, please\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/?parent_summary=resources-archival-sources\">click here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><p>Except where otherwise indicated, all paleographical transcriptions contained in\u00a0<em><strong>First Blacks in the Americas<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0are the work of Anthony R. Stevens-Acevedo, Assistant Director of CUNY Dominican Studies Institute.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Archival Manuscripts The main, and most\u00a0abundant, primary sources of information about the inhabitants of La Espa\u00f1ola (Black and otherwise) during the centuries of its colonial period, which is the same as to say its early period of formation as a multiethnic society in modern times, are\u00a0the manuscripts\u00a0or hand-written documents produced by those who enjoyed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-summaries"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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