{"id":3641,"date":"2026-02-14T13:35:32","date_gmt":"2026-02-14T13:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3641"},"modified":"2026-02-14T13:39:27","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T13:39:27","slug":"fb-primary-057-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-057-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 057"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3641\" class=\"elementor elementor-3641\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-535286c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"535286c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31417a2 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"31417a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"51648418\" aria-label=\"<trp-gettext data-trpgettextoriginal=944>Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.<\/trp-gettext>\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-516484181\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-516484181\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-516484182\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-516484182\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-516484183\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-516484183\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-516484184\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-516484184\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-516484185\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-516484185\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-516484181\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-516484181\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-f32846c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f32846c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c344f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0c344f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-057.pdf\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-057.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-516484182\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-516484182\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-cddc0dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cddc0dc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d05cea2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d05cea2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-057-transcription.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-057-transcription.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-516484183\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-516484183\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e4b244d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4b244d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-991d365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"991d365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-057-translation.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-057-translation.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-516484184\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-516484184\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b3b9e1f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b3b9e1f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc7071b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc7071b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1594, October 21 [Santo Domingo, La Espa\u00f1ola]\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Theme: Testimony about the smuggling of black slaves near Bayaj\u00e1, village on the <i>Banda del Norte<\/i>, in\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La Espa\u00f1ola<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[4680,9360],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0,0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[3,4]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Source: Archivo General de Indias,Escriban\u00eda de C\u00e1mara 17-A. CUNY DSI Dominican Colonial\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Documents Collection\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Increasingly from the mid-sixteenth-century onwards, with La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s alluvial gold mines exhausted and a very small indigenous population available to be cheaply subjected to forced labor, the settlers resorted to importing enslaved Africans as labor force for a cane-sugar and cow-hides exporting business to European markets. But the Crown\u2019s monopolistic policies that restricted the ports in Spain that could send and receive ships to and\/or from La Espa\u00f1ola forced its inhabitants to buy the items they needed and sell the commodities they produced without the benefits of the competing prices of an open transoceanic market.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The above was compounded by the Crown\u2019s decisions to focus security on the shipping routes connecting with other richer ports and regions of the Spanish Americas, further discouraging and reducing the numbers of Spanish merchant ships interested in visiting La Espa\u00f1ola. Exporting to and importing from Spain in accordance to the imposed monopoly became less and less feasible to the local population. And all this, together with a stronger attraction by the richer and more promising areas of the empire upon new Iberian settlers willing venture into crossing the Ocean, also translated into a stagnation of the Spanish population of the colony.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This scenario soon led a majority of La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s mostly rural and mostly black and mulatto, society to engage in widespread contraband with non-Spanish merchant ships, even enemies of Spain, for decades. The types of commodities they could only get rarely and at high prices from their metropolitan fellow empire subjects, they began getting from foreigners in what amounted to a broad and active illegal maritime free trade. At the same time, these settlers could in exchange pay these foreigners with the local staple productions of cane-sugar, hides, lard and other items that these non-Spaniards were eager to buy, in an offer-and-demand setting less economically asphyxiating than the Spanish imperial monopoly.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Since the contraband became rampant throughout the rather marginalized colony, the colonial local authorities of Santo Domingo City tried, or pretended to try, to persecute and suppress it, sending every now and then military or police detachments or deployments from the capital town to investigate or apprehend the often physically remote violators of the imperial monopoly\u2019s laws. They would interrogate the inhabitants as witnesses in places like the village of Bayaj\u00e1 on the north central Atlantic coast, and hundreds of judicial testimonies were thus generated that have survived in the colonial archives.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The depositions would mention names of settlers practicing the smuggling, their foreign counterparts (French, British, Dutch, Portuguese) that they interacted with, the commodities traded and the quantities and sometimes the prices, as well the coastal locations where the encounters took place. Among the traded items were frequently enslaved Black Africans, and through the depositions we learn about their names and given African ethnonyms, their gender, approximate age, as well as the prices they were bought for and who bought them.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-516484185\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-516484185\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-198aa65 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"198aa65\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cba86c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7cba86c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70e2b5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"70e2b5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-Transcription-057.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-Transcription-057.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1594, October [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3641","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 057 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-057-manuscript\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 057 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription This browser does not support PDFs. 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