{"id":3628,"date":"2026-02-01T07:07:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T07:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3628"},"modified":"2026-02-01T07:10:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T07:10:34","slug":"fb-primary-056-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-056-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 056"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3628\" class=\"elementor elementor-3628\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34dda97 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"34dda97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73740c1 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"73740c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"121061569\" aria-label=\"<trp-gettext data-trpgettextoriginal=944>Pesta\u00f1as. Abre elementos con Intro o Espacio, ci\u00e9rralos con Escape y navega con las fechas.<\/trp-gettext>\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615691\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615691\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615692\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615692\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615693\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615693\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615694\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615694\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615695\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615695\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615691\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615691\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-10abd6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"10abd6c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df692f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df692f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1518, January 26. Santo Domingo, La Espa\u00f1ola<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Theme: In a letter to the Crown, La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s oidor and governor Alonso Zuazo criticized the fears about potential<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0rebellions by\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">enslaved Blacks, boasting of how his harsh style of ruling, with severe punishments, had<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0reportedly stopped the stealing and the running away by Blacks in this Spanish colony<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Source:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, PATRONATO, 174, R. 8<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240814195508\/http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">,F.50R,52R-<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">52V,55V.<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-085e3c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"085e3c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-056_9l8b6Uh.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-056_9l8b6Uh.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615692\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615692\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8354af4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8354af4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c90d1d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c90d1d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-056-transcription.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-056-transcription.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615693\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615693\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-94b24a9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"94b24a9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d21c012 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d21c012\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-056-translation.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/fb-primary-056-translation.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615694\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615694\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8c4040a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c4040a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5baf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e5baf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Date:\u00a0 1518, January 26. Santo Domingo, La Espa\u00f1ola\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Theme: In a letter to the Crown, La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s oidor and governor Alonso Zuazo criticized the fears about potential\u00a0rebellions by enslaved blacks, boasting of how his harsh style of ruling, with severe punishments, had\u00a0reportedly stopped the stealing and the running away by blacks in this Spanish colony\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, PATRONATO, 174, R. 8,F.50R,52R-52V,55V.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One of the aspects that calls the attention in this document is <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oidor<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Zuazo\u2019s very peculiar combination of lofty feelings of submission and adoration for the person of the king, the highest authority of the empire, and his ruthless thinking about the enslaved black Africans, who represented the lowest echelon in social prestige in the imperial society, and about how to keep them subjected to enslavement, the harshest social condition of his times.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Zuazo, who vindicates the notion of \u201cNew World\u201d for the Americas in his letter, displays a number of expressions to convey to Charles V what he perceived to be the joy felt by the colonists of La Espa\u00f1ola for the king\u2019s accession to the Spanish throne, described by Zuazo as \u201cthe newest thing that has occurred since God our lord created the world.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The intention of the letter seems to be providing the king with a broad overview of, and opinion about, the most salient events and issues that had been happening in the new colonies that Zuazo was aware of as to, among other things, their peopling and governance by the Spaniards.\u00a0 One of the specific items that Zuazo considered worth addressing in his communication was the presence of black people in La Espa\u00f1ola, which Zuazo considered of great importance.\u00a0 In view of the declining number of natives, the Crown, according to Zuazo, should allow the colonists of La Espa\u00f1ola a \u201cgeneral\u201d license to import an unlimited amount of \u201cblack slaves\u201d \u201cbecause [they] are persons of strength and much work and with this they can stand any burden they throw upon them,\u201d estimating the productivity of an enslaved black as more than eleven times that of a native.\u00a0 According to Zuazo, the larger the black population, the larger the settlement of the island, and consequently the larger the taxes to be collected by the Crown.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Zuazo also opposed the notion, held by some in the colony, of a large amount of enslaved blacks being a peril for the slavery-based colonial social order of La Espa\u00f1ola because of the potential or risks for rebellions, since he had a strong sense of stability being possible in a slavery society if enough severity or harshness was applied in punishing resistance by the enslaved.\u00a0 Indeed Zuazo has been cited numerous times in the scholarship on the history of Dominican blackness because of his discussing in this letter of the efficiency of plantations held by the Portuguese in their Eastern Atlantic islands, where \u201cthere is a widow with no children who has under her rule eight hundred black slaves so quiet and so peaceful as your majesty will have the most impoverished village of all your kingdoms.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For Zuazo, again reportedly from looking at the Portuguese example, it was not an issue of how many slaves would concentrate in a given place but how effective (and implicitly, severe) the laws applied to them were.\u00a0 He then went to describe succinctly what he considered his success as governor of La Espa\u00f1ola in controlling the enslaved blacks\u2019 resistance, posing that \u201cat the time that I arrived [in La Espa\u00f1ola] I found some slaves in this island turned into thieves and others that wandered along the wilderness, and soon I ordered them captured and some I had them flogged and another one I had his ears cut off, with other punishments that did so great a lesson in the said blacks that until now there has been no complaint, nor it has been said that any black may have done a thing he should not do.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 In a way Zuazo was a sixteenth-century true believer in what we would call today \u201claw and order.\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1210615695\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1210615695\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c4df87c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c4df87c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c3b21c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c3b21c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68e394d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"68e394d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-Transcription-056.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Manuscript-Transcription-056.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1518, January 26. Santo Domingo, La Espa\u00f1olaTheme: In a letter to the Crown, La Espa\u00f1ola\u2019s oidor and governor Alonso Zuazo criticized the fears about potential\u00a0rebellions by\u00a0enslaved Blacks, boasting of how his harsh style of ruling, with severe punishments, had\u00a0reportedly stopped the stealing and the running away by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3628","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 056 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-056-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 056 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1518, January 26. 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