{"id":3340,"date":"2025-10-05T05:39:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-05T05:39:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=3340"},"modified":"2025-10-05T05:45:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T05:45:11","slug":"fb-primary-035-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 035"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3340\" class=\"elementor elementor-3340\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19d8458 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"19d8458\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e031f0c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"e031f0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"235085580\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855801\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855801\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855802\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855802\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855803\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855803\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855804\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855804\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855805\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855805\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855801\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855801\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-5e28a94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e28a94\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b75696 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b75696\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Date: \u00a0 \u00a01545, April 24. Valladolid, Spain<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Theme: Communication from\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Spain\u2019s Prince Phillip to\u00a0oidor\u00a0(auditor judge) Alonso Cerrato expressing concern\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">about uprisings of maroon blacks, the attacks they have conducted against villages and rural areas of the center and north of the island, the fear this has generated among the Spanish settlers of those areas, and the need to exert &#8220;great punishment<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0and constraint&#8221; on them so they remain obedient to their masters. \u00a0In his message the Prince also referred to some communities of indians reportedly still being enslaved in the island<br \/><\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">Source:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo<\/a><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">\u00a0General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\">868,L.2-250 Recto-Imagen N\u00fam:499\/766<\/span><\/a><span class=\"No_0020Spacing__Char\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pares.mcu.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0&#8211; 251 Recto-Imagen N\u00fam: 501\/766<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36ef6ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"36ef6ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fb-primary-035-manuscript-agi-santo-domingo-868-lib-02-fo-246r-247r.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fb-primary-035-manuscript-agi-santo-domingo-868-lib-02-fo-246r-247r.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855802\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855802\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-5ca044c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ca044c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa80c72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"fa80c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fb-primary-035-transcription.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/fb-primary-035-transcription.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855803\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855803\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-cb68fed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cb68fed\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbc7439 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fbc7439\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Date:\u00a0 <\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">1545, April 24. Valladolid, Spain.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Theme: Communication from the Prince to Auditor Judge Cerrato of La Espa\u00f1ola expressing concern about black<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0maroons and surviving natives in that colony<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0868,L.2-250 Recto-Imagen N\u00fam:499\/766 &#8211; 251 Recto-Imagen N\u00fam: 501\/766<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><table data-tablestyle=\"MsoNormalTable\" data-tablelook=\"1184\" aria-rowcount=\"3\"><tbody><tr aria-rowindex=\"1\"><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[fo. 246r.]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">licenciado<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Cerrato\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">1<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The prince\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ccxlv<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Licenciado<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Cerrato, audit judge of the\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Espa\u00f1ola island, a report has been presented to me that in that \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">island there are many rebelled blacks in so much \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">quantity that the denizens of\u00a0 La Vega or Puerto de \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Plata or Santiago do not dear to go out of their \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">houses to visit their farms unless \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">in squads, and that the miners \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">get together to sleep in shifts of eight \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">with their spears in their hands for fear \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of the said blacks, and that in Saman\u00e1 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they have killed Indias of Peravia and taken \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">away a lot of his people and that \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to Francisco de Avila they wounded a Christian [of his] \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and they took a black male and a black female. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And that on the road to La Yaguana, near\/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Sant Joan de la Maguana are wondering \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">many of the said\u00a0 [<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> crossed out<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Indians] blacks and they \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">have killed and kill Christians every day. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And that there are so many of the said uprisen \/\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">blacks that in certain lagoons that are \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">on the coast of Saman\u00e1 on the northern part, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the slope of currents facing the sea, where \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">it is said that Juan Martinez has the cattles , \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they live, have their <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">bohios<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> and houses \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">very well made, and that though the denizens of that land \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">wanted to build some vessels to go against \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the said rebelled blacks and they cast \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">some duty onto all who had blacks \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to remedy\u00a0 what was necessary \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">about it,\u00a0 reportedly they have not been allowed and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that it is convenient to put remedy to it and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that the blacks are people in need \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of great punishment and subjection because \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">if they sense in their owners\u00a0 or in those that \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">rule over them some\u00a0 fear or that they do not \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dare to give them orders, they do not respect them at all \/\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr aria-rowindex=\"2\"><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[fo. 246v.]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And because of this it is necessary the punishment and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">subjection of them, and that for not applying those to them \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">when there is a need, later, when \/\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by force they have to be [punished], \/\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they rise up and go \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to the forested mountains and they do what they do. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[It is also said] that you want to put a measure in the punishment \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of the said blacks, which could \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[crossed out: punishment] cause that they would feel \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">so comfortable with it\u00a0 that they will not want to do \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">what is ordered to them and their owners \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">will not dare to punish them.\u00a0 And for no longer \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">doing it, could be that a large quantity of them\/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">were to rise up\u00a0 and that land may \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">run into risk.\u00a0\u00a0 And since you see how \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">important it is to put into this the\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">necessary remedy to avoid any \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">damage that may arrive, I charge \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and mandate you to decide on what \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">you see that is most convenient, and\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">you will give me notice on what in this regard \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">you were to do and decide \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As you will see in the general letter \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">I am writing to that <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">audiencia<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">many male Indians \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and female Indians of the ones that some persons \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">have as slaves must be set free especially \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">all the [<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">crossed out<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: persons ][<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">inserted between<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> lines: women ]\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of any age \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they may be, and the male children that were \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">of fourteen years and below at the time that \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">they were seized and made into slaves. \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">And because it is good that the male Indians and female Indians\/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">that were thus set free are mandated to do service and not wander \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">lost, especially the women that reportedly many of them so wander, I \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr aria-rowindex=\"3\"><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">[fo. 247v.]<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td data-celllook=\"0\"><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ccxlvi<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">order you that the male Indians and female Indians that were to be set \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">free, and all the other free male Indians \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and female Indians\u00a0 that there may be in that island you \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">must decide and give order so they are placed with masters to \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">whom they must serve who must treat them well and\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">teach them and indoctrinate them in the things of\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">our holy Catholic faith and must pay them\u00a0 \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the salary that may be deemed fair, so that \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">the said male Indians and female Indians may serve and \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">gather good doctrine and be paid \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">their salary and may not wander idle and due \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">to this may be lost \/\/ From Valladolid XXIIII \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">days\u00a0 of the month of April of one thousand and five hundred \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and forty five years.\u00a0 I the Prince \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Certified by De Samano, signed \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">by the cardinal of Seville and doctor Bernal \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">licenciado<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Gutierre Velazquez and Gregorio Lopez \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and Salmeron \/<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855804\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855804\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-38b3881 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38b3881\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96b318a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96b318a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Date:\u00a0 <\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">1545, April 24. Valladolid, Spain.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Theme: Communication from the Spain\u2019s Prince to <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oidor <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(auditor judge) Alonso Cerrato expressing concern<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">about black maroons and surviving natives in La Espa\u00f1ola<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559685&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Source: PARES, Portal de Archivos Espa\u00f1oles, Archivo General de Indias, SANTO_DOMINGO,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0868,L.2-250 Recto-Imagen N\u00fam:499\/766 &#8211; 251 Recto-Imagen N\u00fam: 501\/766<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In April of 1545, Prince Phillip (future king Phillip II) of Spain expressed concern about the reports he had received from the colony of La Espa\u00f1ola on the violent actions by \u201crebel blacks\u201d in several places of the island. The racial term \u201cblacks\u201d (\u201cnegros\u201d) seems to be used in his communication in a rather generalizing manner referring to slaves, while the word \u201cChristian\u201d (\u201ccristiano\u201d) seems reserved to non-slaves. The future king described a situation of deep collective anxiety among the colonial settlers and inhabitants of La Espa\u00f1ola provoked by the uprising of those the colonial social order had assigned the role of forced laborers for life (with the exception of the few cases of manumissions that show up in the archival sources every now and then).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Black rebels were so many, said the Prince, that residents of towns like La Vega, Puerto Plata and Santiago, in the center-north area of the colony, would not dare to go out to the countryside except if in gangs, while miners gathered to sleep together in groups of eight with their weapons handy. Among the scenarios mentioned of attacks by the \u201cblacks\u201d were places as distant from each other as Saman\u00e1, San Juan de la Maguana, and La Yaguana, as well as rural estates of private owners at unspecified locations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Aside from engaging in physical confrontation with non-slaves, during their attacks black rebels reportedly \u201ctook\u201d (\u201cllevaron\u201d) with them other slaves, both males and females.\u00a0 Their presence is said to have been more aggressive west of San Juan \u201cin the way towards Yaguana.\u201d\u00a0 A maroon community is referred to as located \u201con the shore\u201d of \u201cthe north part\u201d of the Saman\u00e1 Peninsula where there were \u201ccertain lagoons.\u201d A proposal had been made to raise a tax from slaves owning individuals (\u201clos que tenian negros\u201d) to fund the construction of some vessels with which to launch an assault against the rebels by sea but no consensus could be achieved on the matter.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Prince was also informed \u201cthat the blacks are people that need great punishment and constraint because if they feel in their masters or in those overseeing them any fear or no will to command them, they do not respect them and because of this the punishment and constraint upon them is necessary, and that for not applying it to them when it is warranted, later when it is imperative for them to be [obligated], they rebel and go to the forested mountains and do what they do.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It had been reported to the Prince as well, in all likelihood by other parties in Santo Domingo, that the royal envoy-auditor to La Espa\u00f1ola to whom this letter was addressed wanted to restructure or dose the kinds of punishments (\u201cponer tasa en el castigo\u201d) applied to rebel black slaves. According to those colonial voices this revision \u201ccould be cause for them to feel so pleased with it that they will not want to do what is mandated to them and their owners will not\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dare to punish them, and because of not doing it any more it could be that a great number of them would uprise and that land would be in peril.\u201d The Prince alerted his envoy on the importance of the circumstance and insisted with him to find an effective \u201cremedy\u201d to the situation and to report the Crown back on the matter.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In this same royal letter, we find Prince Phillip referring to the fact that there are still within La Espa\u00f1ola as well as the district of the <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Audiencia<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of Santo Domingo places where \u201cmany male and female Indians\u201d are being held as slaves, and insists that they should be set free, \u201cespecially all the women whatever age they are and the male children who were from fourteen years of age down at the time they were captured and enslaved.\u201d\u00a0 Yet there was a concern that these freed Indians should \u201cserve and not wander lost, especially the women who reportedly many times do.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This was a reiteration of the ambiguity already expressed by the Crown in regards to the rights of the native peoples once the conquest was unleashed upon them. They were considered not fully capable of freedom and in need for supervision of \u201cmasters\u201d that would indoctrinate them into Christianity and put them to work for \u201cthe salary that is deemed fair\u201d and so that the Indians \u201cdo not wander idle and due to this get lost,\u201d a political arrangement ordered from the distance of the metropolis that left too many doors open to serious abuse against the indigenous peoples.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559731&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2350855805\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2350855805\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-f2a01cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f2a01cb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d95d5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9d95d5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-035.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Manuscript-Transcription-035.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date: \u00a0 \u00a01545, April 24. Valladolid, SpainTheme: Communication from\u00a0Spain\u2019s Prince Phillip to\u00a0oidor\u00a0(auditor judge) Alonso Cerrato expressing concern\u00a0about uprisings of maroon blacks, the attacks they have conducted against villages and rural areas of the center and north of the island, the fear this has generated among the Spanish settlers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3340","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 035 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 035 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date: \u00a0 \u00a01545, April 24. Valladolid, SpainTheme: Communication from\u00a0Spain\u2019s Prince Phillip to\u00a0oidor\u00a0(auditor judge) Alonso Cerrato expressing concern\u00a0about uprisings of maroon blacks, the attacks they have conducted against villages and rural areas of the center and north of the island, the fear this has generated among the Spanish settlers [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-05T05:45:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript\",\"name\":\"Manuscript No. 035 - First Blacks in The Americas\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-05T05:39:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-05T05:45:11+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Manuscripts\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/manuscripts\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Manuscript No. 035\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/\",\"name\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/dsi-logo.jpg\",\"width\":240,\"height\":52,\"caption\":\"First Blacks in The Americas\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Manuscript No. 035 - First Blacks in The Americas","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-035-manuscript","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Manuscript No. 035 - First Blacks in The Americas","og_description":"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date: \u00a0 \u00a01545, April 24. 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