{"id":2768,"date":"2025-07-27T13:54:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-27T13:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/?page_id=2768"},"modified":"2025-09-21T05:55:50","modified_gmt":"2025-09-21T05:55:50","slug":"fb-primary-003-manuscript","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript","title":{"rendered":"Manuscript No. 003"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2768\" class=\"elementor elementor-2768\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7250cc9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7250cc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff6d784 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ff6d784\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"267835268\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352681\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352681\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352682\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352682\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranscription \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352683\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352683\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTranslation \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352684\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352684\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCommentary \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352685\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352685\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tManuscript &amp; Transcription\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352681\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352681\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-11b2c13 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11b2c13\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518e8b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"518e8b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date: 1500. La Espa\u00f1ola<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: A free young Black man, named Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, who worked as Christopher Columbus\u2019\u00a0servant in La\u00a0 Espa\u00f1ola, is considered the first Black person on record to arrive in the Americas\u00a0since 1492.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: Espa\u00f1a. Ministerio de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Deporte, Archivo General de Simancas, INC. 13, 1ra.\u00a0Parte, fo. 13v.- 21r., 2da. Parte, fo. 4v.- 5r.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Note: This translation is based on a transcription donated by paleographer and archivist Isabel Aguirre\u00a0Landa. \u00a0An earlier version was published in Consuelo Varela:\u00a0<em>La ca\u00edda de Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n. El\u00a0<\/em><em>juicio de Bobadilla.<\/em>\u00a0Madrid, 2006<em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e801e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7e801e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Manuscript-003.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.s3.amazonaws.com\/media\/Manuscript-001.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352682 #transcription\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352682\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4baf16c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4baf16c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-tab=\"&quot;2&quot;\" data-tab-content=\"&quot;transcription&quot;\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35312e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"35312e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Transcription-003_NGtgiy0.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.s3.amazonaws.com\/media\/Manuscript-001.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352683\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352683\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-737cea3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"737cea3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-tab=\"&quot;3&quot;\" data-tab-content=\"&quot;translation&quot;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a82b4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2a82b4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f7f071 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f7f071\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Date: 1500. La Espa\u00f1ola<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: A young black man, named Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, who worked as Christopher Columbus\u2019\u00a0servant in La\u00a0 Espa\u00f1ola, is considered the first black person on record to arrive in the Americas\u00a0since 1492.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: Espa\u00f1a. Ministerio de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Deporte, Archivo General de Simancas, INC. 13, 1ra.\u00a0Parte, fo. 13v.- 21r., 2da. Parte, fo. 4v.- 5r.<\/strong><br \/>Note: This translation is based on a transcription donated by paleographer and archivist Isabel Aguirre\u00a0Landa. \u00a0An earlier version was published in Consuelo Varela:\u00a0<em>La ca\u00edda de Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n. El\u00a0<\/em><em>juicio de Bobadilla.<\/em>\u00a0Madrid, 2006<em>.<br \/><br \/><\/em>[First Part]\u00a0<\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"289\"><p>[fo. 13v.]<br \/><br \/><br \/>Witness 1\u00a0 \/<br \/><br \/>Adrian, hanged \/<br \/><br \/>About the clergyman that absolved \/<br \/>and confessed him \/<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>Witness 2 \/\u00a0<\/p><p>That the admiral ordered \/<br \/>to have twelve or thirteen men flogged \/<br \/>because when hungry they traded \/<br \/>gold \/<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>That he had a woman flogged because\/<br \/>she said she was pregnant and\/<br \/>she was not \/<br \/><br \/>And because she said ill about the Admiral \/<br \/>another one had her tongue cut off \/<br \/><br \/>That he ordered Luquitas to be hanged because \/<br \/>of one or one half of a\u00a0<em>fanega<\/em>\u00a0of wheat that\/<br \/>he stole when hungry and, begged by a few,\/<br \/>he ordered him to be flogged and have his nose and ears cut off, \/<br \/>and to be exiled and to have a shackle put on a foot \/\u00a0<\/p><p>13\/\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"402\"><p>of the ones that had killed the said Indians in that \/<br \/>province, and that he knows it because he saw and heard it \/<br \/><br \/>About the issue of justice<br \/>Pedro Ortiz, clergyman, says that he confessed Adri\u00e1n, \/<br \/>and that the cause why it was publicly said that he was \/<br \/>hanged was because he and other had \/<br \/>to go to Santo Domingo to free<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footer_footnote_1\" name=\"footnote_1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Don Fernando \/<br \/>de Guevara, who was imprisoned under \/<br \/>orders of the Admiral; and that this witness \/<br \/>pleaded with the Admiral, on his knees, to wait \/<br \/>until the following day, because he was confused and \/<br \/>could not confess well, and he did not want to do it \/<br \/>and that he turned to him and confessed him and absolved him; and that when \/<br \/>the chain was removed and the rope was wrapped\/<br \/>the neck he said: \u201cTraitors, dogs, why do you \/<br \/>want to hang me this way without confessing?\u201d, and thus \/<br \/>they tied him to a beam and threw him from a \/<br \/>crenel. \/<br \/><br \/>Francisco de Ses\u00e9 says that about six years \/<br \/>and a half ago the Admiral ordered to flog in \/<br \/>the streets twelve o thirteen good men, tied by \/<br \/>their necks, leashed by their feet one following \/<br \/>the others, because in need and hungry, the way the \/<br \/>land was back then, they went to the ships and \/<br \/>bartered some peso of gold for pieces \/<br \/>of\u00a0bacon and for bread and for some wine to \/<br \/>eat, and that there was no other reason, and that the announcement said \/<br \/>\u201cBecause they bartered and gave out gold without a license \/<br \/>from the Admiral.\u201d\u00a0 \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that he ordered to flog a woman on top of \/<br \/>a donkey, stark naked at la Isabela, \/<br \/>and they flogged her because she said that she was pregnant \/<br \/>and the pregnancy was found not to be true; and to another, because she said ill \/<br \/>about the Admiral and his brothers, they cut her tongue off \/<br \/>and the ill she had said was that his father, the Admiral\u2019s, \/<br \/>had been a [tejedor] and his brothers artisans. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that Luquitas, because he stole a fanega \/<br \/>or a half of wheat, being very hungry, he ordered him \/<br \/>to be hanged, and at the begging of some, he ordered \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><table style=\"width: 42.8171%; height: 1203px;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"253\"><p>[fo. 14r.]<br \/><br \/>That they flogged Pero, his companion.\/<br \/><br \/><br \/>That they nailed Arnate \/<br \/>by a hand because he took \/<br \/>a hake. \/<br \/><br \/><br \/>They flogged a servant of \/<br \/>Bernal de Pisa because he lost \/<br \/>seven sheep and later \/<br \/>they were found. \/<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>Juan Moreno was flogged because \/<br \/>he went to hunt and for being a rascal \/<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>Because Comillas said: \/<br \/>\u201cLong live the king, and in time another one will come,\u201d he began to\/<br \/>chase him until he hanged him. \/<br \/><br \/>That Vanegas, his overseer \/<br \/>and Pedro Gallego, his \/<br \/>[\u00a0 ], were hanged \/<br \/>because they sold certain \/<br \/>bread from the supplies, \/<br \/>without a trial. \/<br \/><br \/>He ordered Lucena to be hanged \/<br \/>because he went off to search \/<br \/>for food with Cabrejas. \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><!--nextpage--><\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"289\"><p>Also, he says that to a Juan Moreno, who went to hunt with \/<br \/>a dog for the pantry of the Admiral, and because \/<br \/>he did not bring back a lot of game, he ordered to give him one hundred lashes \/<br \/>which were given by and Indian, and the said Moreno \/<br \/>announced it going on foot and naked \/<br \/>saying that he ordered for those to be given to him for being a rogue. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that while at La Isabela, because \/<br \/>Comillas said: \u201cLong live the king, that in time \/<br \/>another one will come,\u201d he began to chase him until \/<br \/>he ordered that the be hanged. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, that to Benegas, his overseer, and to Pedro \/<br \/>Gallego, his [despensero], because he found out that they had\/<br \/>given out and sold certain pieces of bread from the provisions to the \/<br \/>\u00a0Christians, he ordered them to be hanged, and that they\/<br \/>hanged them\u00a0 and that there was no process nor inquiry \/<br \/>against them. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that he ordered Lucena to be hanged because \/<br \/>he went off to look for food with Cabrejas, who was \/<br \/>a captain, and was ten leagues away from La Concepci\u00f3n.\/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"271\"><p>[fo. 21r.]<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footer_footnote_2\" name=\"footnote_2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p>Witness 13. \/<br \/>Lucena hanged and \/<br \/>he confessed he had slept \/<br \/>with an Indian woman. \/<br \/>Giliberto and Ant\u00f3n, who killed \/<br \/>the dog, on was flogged, the other brought next to the gallows.\/<\/p><p>Witness14 \/<br \/>Vanegas, overseer , \/<br \/>and Pedro Gallego, [\u00a0\u00a0 ], \/<br \/>because Vanegas \/<br \/>had fought with don Diego,\u00a0brother of the Admiral. \/<br \/><br \/><br \/>Salinas, hanged \/<br \/>because he made certifications \/<br \/>as a notary \/<br \/>and because he belonged to Bernal de Pisa. \/<br \/><br \/>Comillas, hanged \/<br \/>because he said \u201cLong live \/<br \/>the King.\u201d \/<br \/><br \/>That he saw Pedro Pastor and another companion of his \/<br \/>being flogged \/<br \/>because they had lost six \/<br \/>or seven sheep. \/<br \/><br \/>That he saw Juan \/<br \/>Prieto being flogged \/<br \/>for being a rascal. \/<br \/><br \/>Lucena, hanged. \/<br \/><br \/>Jorge de Zamora, whose \/<br \/>indians were killed. \/<br \/><br \/>Adri\u00e1n and Moyano and \/<br \/>Alarc\u00f3n, hanged. \/<br \/><br \/>Riquelme, enjailed\u00a0 to be \/<br \/>hanged. \/<br \/><br \/>That he saw many persons \/<br \/>die because the Admiral \/<br \/>did not want to remedy them \/<br \/>with food supplies, and that \/<br \/>he sold them at excessive \/<br \/>prices, and that most of these \/<br \/>died without being confessed \/<br \/>because he brought with him the clergy. \/<br \/><br \/>That he saw nine men being flogged \/<br \/>tied onto a leash because they had \/<br \/>gone away to search for food. \/<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"402\"><p><br \/>Toribio Mu\u00f1oz says about the death of Mart\u00edn de Lucena \/<br \/>and that, while tortured, he confessed to having slept with \/<br \/>and Indian woman.\u00a0 Also, Giliberto and Ant\u00f3n de Cozar<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footer_footnote_3\" name=\"footnote_3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0say \/<br \/>that they killed the dog.<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footer_footnote_4\" name=\"footnote_4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0\/<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>Pedro Camacho says that he saw Vanegas and \/<br \/>Pedro Gallego being hanged and that the truth why hanged \/<br \/>Vanegas, because he had quarreled with Don Diego \/<br \/>with words and he had leveled with him. \/<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/>Also, he says that they hanged Salinas, chamber\u00a0 \/<br \/>notary of their highnesses, because he certified \/<br \/>the things that really happened and because he was a servant \/<br \/>of Bernal de Pisa.\/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that they hanged Comillas because he said: \/<br \/>\u201cLong live the king,\u201d and the reasons why it happened are \/<br \/>different. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says he saw Pedro Pastor and other \/<br \/>companion of his being flogged because they had lost \/<br \/>six or seven sheep. \/<br \/><br \/><br \/>Also, that he saw the flogging of Juan Prieto, who was gone to hunt \/<br \/>with a female dog, and he lost it and did not bring back any game; and \/<br \/>the announcement said: \u201c for [being] a rogue and because he lied to his \/ lord.\u201d \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he talks of the death of Luzena. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says what he heard about the death of\u00a0 Jorge de \/<br \/>Zamora. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says he saw Adri\u00e1n and Moyano and Alarc\u00f3n \/<br \/>hanged. \/\u00a0<\/p><p>Also, he says that he had Requelme jailed and he wanted \/<br \/>to hang him.\/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that he saw many persons die because \/<br \/>the Admiral did not want to assist them with some \/<br \/>provisions that he later sold to people \/<br \/>at excessive prices, and that most of these \/<br \/>died without confessing because he brought with him \/<br \/>all the clergymen and did not distribute them along\u00a0 the \/<br \/>towns. \/<br \/><br \/><br \/>Also, he says that he saw nine men being flogged [tied] in \/<br \/>a leash because they had gone out to seek \/<br \/>something to eat. \/\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>[Second Part ]\u00a0<\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"643\"><p>[fo. 4v.]<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The said Rodrigo P\u00e9rez says: that many times he heard the Admiral say about the things of that \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><!--nextpage--><\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"456\"><p>land \u201cTo us, to us [they] should give the credit about them, \/<br \/>since we gained and found this land,\u201d and later \/<br \/>at the end, as if tired, he used to say: \u201cAs per their highnesses\u2019 mandate.\u201d \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"570\"><p>About Lope de Olano and Francisco de Montalv\u00e1n \/<br \/>The said Rodrigo P\u00e9rez says: that Lope de Olano, treasurer, was held \/\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"570\"><p>prisoner by the Adelantado for nothing \/<br \/>in a pit, and he wanted to cut off \/<br \/>his hand or give him some physical \/<br \/>punishment, if Francisco Rold\u00e1n had\u00a0 not \/<br \/>prevented him. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that Francisco de Montalv\u00e1n beat up \/<br \/>the said Lope de Olano with a stick treacherously, by the church \/<br \/>and inside it, and that he was jailed; and for fear that \/<br \/>it would be discovered that the said\u00a0<em>adelantado<\/em>\u00a0 had ordered \/<br \/>this to him, he decided to consent that he be hanged, and \/<br \/>under agreement, order and advice of the said\u00a0<em>adelantado<\/em>\u00a0\/<br \/>he was condemned to death for a day and a night, \/<br \/>and that the day he was to be hanged this witness [and] the \/<br \/><em>adelantado\u00a0<\/em>went<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footer_footnote_5\" name=\"footnote_5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0away to watch over the cow herd \/<br \/>so he would not see it, and that [some people] approached this witness with \/<br \/>Lope de Olano injured, [begging] that for God\u2019s sake he would not die.\u00a0 \/<br \/>And this witness pardoned his life and ordered that he had \/<br \/>a hand cut off , and when the\u00a0<em>adelantado<\/em>\u00a0returned that night and \/<br \/>learned of it, he was furious with this witness, saying \/<br \/>that he could not do it without him and he grabbed the dagger; \/<br \/>and this witness took off fleeing and left the rod \/<br \/>with him. \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"643\"><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Francisco de Montalv\u00e1n says: that the\u00a0<em>adelantado<\/em>\u00a0told him a few times that he was\/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"570\"><p>very upset with Lope de Olano and that he did not have \/<br \/>anyone that cared about his honor, and thinking that he \/<br \/>pleased him, he had beaten up Lope de Olano\u00a0 with a stick \/<br \/>and that he did not want to disclose<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footer_footnote_6\" name=\"footnote_6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0that he had been ordered \/<br \/>by the\u00a0<em>adelantado<\/em>, though he was condemned to death \/<br \/>for it and they cut off his hand until \/<br \/>he knew that the\u00a0<em>adelantado<\/em>\u00a0had participated in condemning \/<br \/>him. \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"570\"><p>About Pedro, shepherd, who was flogged, and about Juan \/<br \/>Moreno \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"643\"><p>The said Rodrigo P\u00e9rez says: That don Diego ordered Pedro, shepherd, to be flogged because \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"570\"><p>he had lost a flock of sheep, and Juan Moreno \/<br \/>because he sent him to hunt and he lost the female dog and \/<br \/>had lied to him once or twice. \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"73\">\u00a0<\/td><td width=\"114\">\u00a0<\/td><td width=\"456\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"638\"><p>[fo. 5r.]<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Francisco de Ses\u00e9 says:\u00a0 That two men that tended sheep belonging to the King \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"175\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"463\"><p>lost six or seven sheep, and that one of them \/<br \/>was a servant of Bernal de Pisa and \/<br \/>came to the town without known that the cattle \/<br \/>had been lost; and they apprehended him and he ordered \/<br \/>that he be flogged, and the other that stayed with the cattle \/<br \/>hid himself out of fear, and that the said Pedro, \/<br \/>servant of Bernal de Pisa, offered, \/<br \/>in exchange for not being flogged, seven sheep \/<br \/>for each of the lost ones; and that\u00a0 \/<br \/>another day, after they had given \/<br \/>him one hundred lashes, the sheep appeared. \/<br \/><br \/>Also, he says that Juan Moreno went off to hunt with \/<br \/>a dog for the Admiral\u2019s provisions and because \/<br \/>he did not bring much game, he ordered that he be given one hundred \/<br \/>lashes, which were given by an Indian, and \/<br \/>Moreno himself cried out the announcement while walking and \/<br \/>naked, saying that he ordered those to be given to him for \/<br \/>being a rogue. \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"638\"><p>Francisco Manzorro says: That don Diego and Rodrigo P\u00e9rez ordered a hundred \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"175\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"463\"><p>lashes to be given to a servant of Bernal de pisa because \/<br \/>he tended sheep with another lad and \/<br \/>seven were lost, and that the other lad fled \/<br \/>to the church, this one saying he had lost them \/<br \/>and not the one they flogged. \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"638\"><p>Pedro Camacho says that he saw Juan Prieto being flogged, that \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"175\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"463\"><p>he had gone away to hunt with a female dog and he lost it \/<br \/>and brought no game, and the announcement said \u201cFor \/<br \/>being a rogue, and because he lied to his lord.\u201d\u00a0 \/ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><!--nextpage--><\/p><div><table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><tbody><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"175\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"463\"><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 About Juan de Luxan, beheaded, and about Gaspar \/<br \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Salinas, hanged \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"638\"><p>Francisco Rold\u00e1n, alcalde, says: That a trial that he did against Gaspara and another one \/ \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"175\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"463\"><p>against Juan de Lux\u00e1n, that the Admiral had taken them \/<br \/>to Castille, when he came to it .\/ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"638\"><p>Mateo\u00a0 Valenciano says: That as per the orders from the Admiral, they hanged Gaspar, \/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td valign=\"top\" width=\"175\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td valign=\"top\" width=\"463\"><p>because they said that Juan Ram\u00edrez had complained\/<br \/>about him, that he was a Sodomite.\/<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><hr \/><br \/><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footnote_1\" name=\"footer_footnote_1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0In between lines: \u201cto free.\u201d<p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footnote_2\" name=\"footer_footnote_2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Crossed out: Witness 13.\u00a0 He talks about the death of Mart\u00edn de Lucena and [says] that, when tortured, he confessed that he had slept with and Indian woman.\u00a0 Also, he says that they hanged Vanegas and Pedro Gallego, and the truth about why Vanegas was hanged, because he had argued with Don Diego verbally and had behaved as an equal with him.\u00a0 Also he says that Salinas, notary of the chamber of his highness, was hanged because he issued affidavits of the things that indeed happened and because he was a servant of Bernal de Pisa.<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footnote_3\" name=\"footer_footnote_3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Pomar.<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footnote_4\" name=\"footer_footnote_4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0After \u201cdog,\u201d\u00a0 \u201cWitness fourteen\u201d is crossed out.<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footnote_5\" name=\"footer_footnote_5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0In the Spanish original the verb\u00a0<em>go<\/em>\u00a0is written in singular, though the subject of the clause are two persons, Columbus and the witness that is talking in the first person. [CUNY DSI.]<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928110031\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/translation\/#footnote_6\" name=\"footer_footnote_6\">[6]<\/a> After \u201cdisclose\u201d, \u201cthat non\u201d is crossed out.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352684\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352684\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-9221ded e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9221ded\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-tab=\"&quot;4&quot;\" data-tab-content=\"&quot;commentary&quot;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8612741 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8612741\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95bef50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95bef50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Date: 1500. La Espa\u00f1ola.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Theme: A young black man, named Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, who worked as Christopher Columbus\u2019\u00a0servant in La\u00a0 Espa\u00f1ola, is considered the first black person on record to arrive in the Americas\u00a0since 1492.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Source: Espa\u00f1a. Ministerio de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Deporte, Archivo General de Simancas, INC. 13, 1ra.\u00a0Parte, fo. 13v.- 21r., 2da. Parte, fo. 4v.- 5r.<\/strong><br \/><strong>Note: This transcription has been donated by paleographer and archivist Isabel Aguirre Landa. An\u00a0earlier version was published in Consuelo Varela:\u00a0<em>La ca\u00edda de Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n.\u00a0 El juicio de\u00a0<\/em><em>Bobadilla.<\/em>\u00a0Madrid, 2006<em>.<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p>The earliest person of black African descent known to arrive in the Americas for whom there is a historical record is a Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, a then young black man that worked as a servant of Christopher Columbus and was part of the 1492 expedition across the Atlantic that arrived in La Espa\u00f1ola in December of that year.\u00a0 The oldest document where he is mentioned is the record of a judicial inquiry launched in La Espa\u00f1ola by the Spanish Crown in 1500 about Christopher Columbus\u2019 behavior as governor of the new colony during the prior seven years, and it was published in 2006 by historians Consuelo Varela and Isabel Aguirre.<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_1\" name=\"footnote_1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0 This record includes a few depositions by three different witnesses that mention Moreno or Prieto as one among several of the colony\u2019s settlers that suffered harsh physical punishment, including execution in some cases, at the order of Columbus for any act the Admiral considered out of line in those trying early years of the colony.\u00a0<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_2\" name=\"footnote_2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p><p>The young Juan Prieto or Moreno mentioned in the 1500 document has been identified as the same \u201cJuan Portugu\u00e9s, black\u201d colonizer that appeared as a deponent in another, later judicial inquiry of 1515 done in the village of Santa Mar\u00eda de la Antigua del Dari\u00e9n (in the Caribbean coast of today\u2019s Colombia) that had been first commented upon by historian Juan Gil Fern\u00e1ndez in a study published in 1984.\u00a0 Gil was the first scholar to identify Portugu\u00e9s \u00a0as the first black person to arrive in the Americas in modern times, based precisely on the 1515 deposition given by a then adult Juan in response to an inquiry, launched at the time by the Spanish Crown while trying to find people who had known Christopher Columbus in person for the purpose of clarifying the titles and rights owned by the Crown to Columbus\u2019 descendants.<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_3\" name=\"footnote_3\">[3]<\/a><\/p><p>The colonists that mentioned Juan Prieto or Moreno while responding to the 1500\u00a0<em>pesquisa<\/em>\u00a0or inquiry were the clergyman Francisco de Ses\u00e9,<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_4\" name=\"footnote_4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Pedro Camacho<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_5\" name=\"footnote_5\">[5]<\/a>, Rodrigo P\u00e9rez<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_6\" name=\"footnote_6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0, and Francisco de Ses\u00e9.<a class=\"footnotes-tooltip tooltip tooltipstered\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footer_footnote_7\" name=\"footnote_7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0All of them mentioned Juan Prieto or Moreno as one of the\u00a0 individuals in the colony harshly punished by Columbus after incurring behaviors that the Admiral considered deserving of retribution.\u00a0 More concretely, Ses\u00e9 testified that the young Juan was ordered to go hunting with a dog for some meat for the Admiral and after returning\u00a0 with little game was punished\u00a0 with one hundred lashes and with announcing himself\u00a0 by yelling, while walking naked in public, the reason for his punishment, in this case for \u201cbeing\u201d a rogue or rascal. Camacho and P\u00e9rez added that the accusation against Juan included as well that of \u201clying to his master\u201d and losing the dog he took with himself for the hunting.\u00a0<br \/><br \/><\/p><hr \/><a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/lpolanco1\/Downloads\/fb-primary-003-comment.doc#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><br \/><\/a><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_1\" name=\"footer_footnote_1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0The record is known as the pesquisa de Bobadilla (inquiry by Bobadilla), after the second governor of La Espa\u00f1ola, Francisco de Bobadilla, appointed by the kings of Spain to replace Christopher Columbus as the institutional leader of the colony, and was first published and studied in 2006 by historian Consuelo Varela and paleographer Isabel Aguirre in their monograph\u00a0<em>La Caida de Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n.\u00a0 El juicio de Bobadilla.<\/em><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_2\" name=\"footer_footnote_2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0The terms \u201cmoreno\u201d and \u201cprieto,\u201d therefore, appear clearly used since the first decade after Columbus\u2019 arrival in La Espa\u00f1ola to refer to black people.\u00a0<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_3\" name=\"footer_footnote_3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0The study, under the title \u2018Juan Portugu\u00e9s, negro,\u201d appeared first in volume 28 of \u2018<em>Historiograf\u00eda y Bibliograf\u00eda Americanistas<\/em>,\u2019 a scholarly journal published at the time by Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos, Spain\u2019s main research center on Latin American colonial history, located in Seville as well.\u00a0 A more recent reprint has been published, with new footnotes from the author, in a compilation of Gil\u2019s numerous studies on Columbus published in 2007 by the Academia Dominicana de la Historia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.\u00a0 (<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408mp_\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/summaries\/resources-bibliography-01\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This 2007 edition<\/a>\u00a0of the essay is included in theBibliography section of this website.)<br \/><br \/>Juan Gil\u2019s essay is based on the 1515 deposition\u2019s records that he found while doing research at the Archivo General de Indias, the General Archives of the Indies, the main repository of historical documents of the Spanish Empire, located in the former imperial capital, Seville.\u00a0 As per Gil\u2019s reference, the record is contained in Bundle No. 987 of the Justicia section of the Archives.\u00a0 In his statement, Juan Portugu\u00e9s \u00a0describes his work for and collaboration with Christopher Columbus, as well as his participation in the 1492 trip.\u00a0 The document appeared first in Spanish in the volume\u00a0<em>Pleitos Colombinos.\u00a0<\/em><em>IV- Probanzas del Fiscal (1512-1515)<\/em>, published by the Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos of Seville, Spain in 1989.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The edition was prepared by a team of top Spanish colonial historians and researchers at the time, led by Antonio Muro Orej\u00f3n.\u00a0 Most of the text pertaining to Portugu\u00e9s is on pages 287-308.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><p><!--nextpage--><\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_4\" name=\"footer_footnote_4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Folio 14r. of the\u00a0<em>pesquisa<\/em>.<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_5\" name=\"footer_footnote_5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Folio 21r. of the\u00a0<em>pesquisa<\/em>, and folio 5r. in the Segunda Parte of the\u00a0<em>pesquisa<\/em>.<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_6\" name=\"footer_footnote_6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Folio 4v., Segunda Parte of the\u00a0<em>pesquisa<\/em>.<\/p><p><a class=\"footnote_anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200928112408\/http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/commentary\/#footnote_7\" name=\"footer_footnote_7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Folio 5r., Segunda Parte of the\u00a0<em>pesquisa<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2678352685\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2678352685\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b330514 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b330514\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-tab=\"&quot;5&quot;\" data-tab-content=\"&quot;manuscript_transcription&quot;&quot;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea3b9e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ea3b9e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe src=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manuscript-Transcription-003.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" style=\"border: none;\">\n    This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstblacks.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manuscript-Transcription-003.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a>.\n<\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date: 1500. La Espa\u00f1olaTheme: A free young Black man, named Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, who worked as Christopher Columbus\u2019\u00a0servant in La\u00a0 Espa\u00f1ola, is considered the first Black person on record to arrive in the Americas\u00a0since 1492.Source: Espa\u00f1a. Ministerio de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n y Deporte, Archivo General de Simancas, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2721,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2768","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manuscript No. 003 - First Blacks in The Americas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/en\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/firstblacks.org\/manuscripts\/fb-primary-003-manuscript\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manuscript No. 003 - First Blacks in The Americas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manuscript Transcription Translation Commentary Manuscript &amp; Transcription Date: 1500. La Espa\u00f1olaTheme: A free young Black man, named Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, who worked as Christopher Columbus\u2019\u00a0servant in La\u00a0 Espa\u00f1ola, is considered the first Black person on record to arrive in the Americas\u00a0since 1492.Source: Espa\u00f1a. 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La Espa\u00f1olaTheme: A free young Black man, named Juan Moreno or Juan Prieto, who worked as Christopher Columbus\u2019\u00a0servant in La\u00a0 Espa\u00f1ola, is considered the first Black person on record to arrive in the Americas\u00a0since 1492.Source: Espa\u00f1a. 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